Unit 11 Flashcards
What is moral understanding/development?
How do children come to understand right and wrong?
What is Piaget’s theory of moral development?
- stage 1) Premoral reasoning
- Stage 2) Heteronomous Morality
- transition…
- Stage 3) Autonomous Morality (morality of cooperation)
When is a child in the premoral reasoning stage?
-less than 4 years
When is a child in the Heteronomous Morality stage?
-4-7 years old
How old is a child at the autonomous morality stage?
-greater than 11/12
What is stage 1 of Piaget’s moral theory?
- Premoral Reasoning
- less than 4 years
- not thinking about right from wrong
What is stage 3 of Piaget’s Moral Theory?
Autonomous Morality (morality of cooperation) -rules as social agreement -sensitive to fairness & equality -focus on motives and intentions -moral relativism
What is stage 3 of Piaget’s Moral Theory?
Autonomous Morality (morality of cooperation) -rules as social agreement -sensitive to fairness & equality -focus on motives and intentions -moral relativism -(formal operations underlie)
What is moral relativism? What stage?
- rules & beliefs are established by society
- and are shaped by ppl and situations
- stage 3 -autonomous morality
How does time w/ peers relate to morality?
- increases over time as cognitive development increase
- can learn from each other what is right & wrong
- social agreement
What is the support/legacy for Piaget’s moral theory?
- moral reasoning correlated w/ performance on tests of cognitive development
- children do increasingly consider intentions & motives
- get better as we get older
What are the challenges/legacy of Piaget’s moral theory?
- underestimates children/development (younger than 4 do think about morality, young kids do think about intentions)
- little evidence for the role of peers
A 3 year old boy takes a bite from his friends apple. His friend (4 years old) then whacks his arm. According to Piaget what would this boy think about morality? According to not piaget?
Paiget =- says premoral - won’t think about morality
- his friend didn’t like the outcome of having less apple but didn’t think much about his friend’s intentions
- according to not piaget - little evidence for role of peers -and both children could have been thinking about morality
A child accidentally takes his brothers backpack instead of his own and slips on the way to school. He thinks this happened because he took the backpack - how old is he? What stage?
- 4-7 years old
- heteronomous morality
A child accidentally takes his brothers backpack on the way to school and slips on the walk. He’s 11 years old - what might he think? What stage?
- he is in the Autonomous Morality stage
- he will know it was an accident & his intentions were fine -thought the slip was coincidental
A 5yr boy adds a cookie to a jar and his mother gets mad at him and tells him that’s wrong. What will he do? Believe that’s right or wrong? Which stage?
- heteronomous stage
- will believe that it is wrong to add a cookie to a cookie jar
A 9 year old boy adds a cookie from a cookie jar and his mother get mad at him. Later at school he does the same thing and gets praised. What will he think? what stage?
- he is in a transition period
- may start to understand that morality is established by society (not just his mother) - moral relativism
- but may also follow mother because of her authority
What is Kohlberg’s Theory?
- posed moral dilemmas & focused on the ‘why’ of their answers
- Level 1 Preconventional Moral Reasoning (stage 1: punishment & obedience orientation, stage 2: instrumental & exchange orientation)
- Level 2 conventional Moral Reasoning (stage 3: mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity orientation, stage 4: social system & conscience orientation)
- Level 3 Postconventional Moral Reasoning (stage 5: social contract of individual rights orientation, stage 6: universal ethical principles)
Kohlberg - what is Level 1 & stages (just names)
Preconventional Moral Reasoning
- stage 1: Punishment & Obedience orientation
- stage 2: Intrumental & exchange orientation
Kohlberg - what is Level 2 & stages (just names)
Conventional Moral Reasoning
- stage 3: mutual interpersonal Expectations, Relationships, and Interpersonal Conformity Orientation
- stage 4: Social System & Conscience Orientation
Kohlberg - what is Level 3 & stages (just names)
Postconventional Moral Reasoning
- stage 5: Social contract of Individual Rights Orientation
- stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles
Kohlberg what is stage 1? Level?
Punishment & obedience orientation
- right = obeying authority, avoiding punishment
- (level 1 - preconventional moral reasoning)
Kohlberg what is stage 2? Level?
Instrumental & Exchange orientation
-right = what satisfies one’s own interest, occasionally others -what’s in it for you
-tit for tat - reciprocity - what will I get - own self-interest
(Level 1 Preconventional moral reasoning)
Kohlberg what is stage 3? Level?
Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity orientation
-right = what is expected by ppl/society
-importance of being “good”
(level 2 conventional moral reasoning)
Kohlberg what is stage 4? Level?
Social System and Conscience Orientation
-right = doing one’s duty, adhering to authority, upholding social order
-law & order
(level 2 Conventional Moral Reasoning)
Kohlberg what is stage 5? Level?
Social Contract of Individual Rights Orientation
-right = uphold rules in the best interest of the group or those agreed upon by group
-universal values of life, liberty
-emphasis on law, but willignness to change w/ relational considerations
-voting, rights, fair compensation, life, liberty, freedom
(level 3 Postconventional moral reasoning)
