Unit 1 - Topic 5 - Protein control of cell division - Section B - The cell cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

The cell cycle consists of what to phases

A

Interphase and Mitotic (M) phase

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2
Q

Describe interphase

A

Interphase involves growth and DNA synthesis including G1, a growth phase; S phase, during which the DNA is replicated; and G2, a further growth phase.

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3
Q

The mitotic phase involves what two things

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

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4
Q

Describe mitosis and cytokinesis

A

In mitosis the chromosomal material is separated by the spindle microtubules. This is followed by cytokinesis, in which the cytoplasm is separated into two daughter cells

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5
Q

What are the 4 phases of mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase and telophase

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6
Q

Describe prophase

A

DNA condenses into chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids. Nuclear membrane breaks down; spindle microtubules extend from the MTOC by polymerisation and attach to chromosomes via their kinetochores in the centromere region.

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7
Q

Describe metaphase

A

Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (equator of the spindle)

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8
Q

Describe anaphase

A

As spindle microtubules shorten by depolymerisation, sister chromatids are separated, and the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles

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9
Q

Describe telophase

A

The chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes are formed around them.

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