Unit 1 - Topic 4 - Communication and signalling - Section B - Hydrophobic signals and control of transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

What can hydrophobic signalling molecules do

A

Diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayers of membranes, and so bind to intracellular receptors

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2
Q

What are the receptors for hydrophobic signalling molecules

A

Transcription factors

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3
Q

What are transcription factors

A

Proteins that when bound to DNA can either stimulate or inhibit initiation of transcription.

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4
Q

What are examples of hydrophobic signalling molecules

A

Steroid hormones oestrogen and testosterone

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5
Q

What do steroid hormones bind to

A

Specific receptors in the cytosol or the nucleus

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6
Q

What happens to the hormone-receptor complex

A

The hormone-receptor complex binds to specific DNA sequences called hormone response elements (HREs). Binding at these sites influences the rate of transcription, with each steroid hormone affecting the gene expression of many different genes.

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