Unit 1: The Cell Cycle

Question 1

DNA is packaged into multiple chromosomes as ?

Answer 1

Chromatin

Question 2

Where are chromatins stored?

Answer 2

The nuclear envelope

Question 3

The two main phases of the cell cycle are?

Answer 3

M phase and interphase

Question 4

Within interphase there are three sub phases called?

Answer 4

G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase

Question 5

What happens in the G1 phase?

Answer 5

Protein synthesis occurs and new organelles are formed

Question 6

What happens in the Synthesis phase?

Answer 6

Replication of nuclear DNA

Question 7

What happens in the G2 phase?

Answer 7

Duplication of centrosome

Question 8

By the end of interphase the parent cell has usually ____ in size?

Answer 8

Doubled

Question 9

What two processes occur during the M phase?

Answer 9

-Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 10

What generally takes place in mitosis?

Answer 10

The separation and segregation of replicated chromosomes and the formation of daughter nuclei.

Question 11

What generally takes place in cytokinesis?

Answer 11

division of cytoplasm into two separate daughter cells

Question 12

Mitosis is split into four phases which are:

Answer 12

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase

Question 13

In prophase, what happens to the chromosomes?

Answer 13

replicated chromosomes condense and appear as identical chromatids which are held together by protein glue

Question 14

In prophase, what happens to the centrosomes?

Answer 14

They move apart and microtubules radiate from them to form spindle fibres

Question 15

In prophase, what cellular structure is broken down?

Answer 15

The nuclear envelope

Question 16

In metaphase, what do the spindle fibres attach to?

Answer 16

The sister chromatid

Question 17

In metaphase, what happens to the chromosomes?

Answer 17

They align along the equator, this position is called the metaphase plate

Question 18

In anaphase, what happens to the protein ‘glue’ that was holding the sister chromatids together?

Answer 18

It is degraded

Question 19

In anaphase, due to the protein glue being degraded what happens to the sister chromatids?

Answer 19

They separate and are now known as daughter chromosomes

Question 20

In anaphase, the spindle fibres attached to each of the daughter chromosomes shorten and?

Answer 20

Pull the daughter chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

Question 21

In telophase, What happens to the daughter chromosomes when they arrive at the cell poles?

Answer 21

They decondense or unravel

Question 22

In telophase, what is formed around each group of daughter chromosomes?

Answer 22

A new nuclear envelope

Question 23

Cytokinesis overlaps with which two mitosis stages?

Answer 23

anaphase and telophase

Question 24

Cytokinesis is accompanied by the insertion of what to compensate for the increased surface area of the daughter cells?

Answer 24

Plasma membrane

Question 25

Cytokinesis is achieved by the action of what?

Answer 25

A contractile ring of structural and regulatory proteins

Question 26

The location of the contractile ring in cytokinesis is specified by what?

Answer 26

The spindle fibres

Question 27

Cytokinesis in plant cells: The cytoplasm is sectioned off by the formation of a new what?

Answer 27

Cell wall (the cell plate)

Question 28

Cytokinesis in plant cells: The formation of the cell plate is guided by the remains of what?

Answer 28

Spindle fibres

Question 29

In order beginning with interphase, what are all the sections of cell division?

Answer 29

Interphase: G1, S, G2 The M Phase: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis