Unit 1: Apoptosis

Question 1

Why would multicellular organisms what to regulate cell death?

Answer 1

To allow body structures to go properly and regulate sizes of cell populations. Also to stop cells from surviving where they shouldn’t be. To kill infected cells

Question 2

What are the two forms of cell death?

Answer 2

Apoptosis and Necrosis

Question 3

Programmed cell death is called?

Answer 3

Apoptosis

Question 4

Uncontrolled cell death is called?

Answer 4

Necrosis

Question 5

The mechanism of apoptosis: Stage 1, What type of proteins are activated?

Answer 5

Procaspases

Question 6

The mechanism of apoptosis: Stage 2, After procaspases have been activated what happens?

Answer 6

Caspase activation cascade

Question 7

Caspases are proteinases meaning they?

Answer 7

cleave key cell proteins

Question 8

Therefore caspases cause inactive DNAse to become?

Answer 8

Active DNAse

Question 9

Therefore caspases cause inactive Nuclear Lamins to become?

Answer 9

Fragment nuclear lamins

Question 10

Therefore caspases cause inactive Gelsolin to become?

Answer 10

Actin-digesting enzyme

Question 11

Capsize activity results in the controlled destruction of what?

Answer 11

The cell

Question 12

Initiation of apoptosis: What type of proteins cause initiator procaspases to cluster together?

Answer 12

Adaptor proteins

Question 13

Initiation of apoptosis: Clustering of procaspases together induces a what?

Answer 13

Conformational change which activates the procaspases

Question 14

Intracellular death signals: Stage 1, Mitochondria is damaged which causes what to be released?

Answer 14

Cytochrome C protein