Unit 1 study guide Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What makes DNA unuique?
- It holds our coded genetic information
- It copies itself exactly
4 nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
Which scientists discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin
What does messengerRNA do?
Carries protines from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What does transfer RNA do?
Carries specific animo acids to the ribosome
What does ribosomalRNA do?
links together and reads the animo acid sequence
DNA has two strands, RNA has 1?
True
What is transcription?
The process of copying DNA to form RNA
(in nucleus)
Which enzyme causes transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is a codon?
A series of 3 mRNA nitrogen bases containing info needed to make protines.
What is the start codon?
AUG (methionine)
What does mutation mean?
‘To change’
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
- 5 carbon sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogen base
What are purines?
Adenine and Guanine
What is translation?
Process of changing the new mRNA strand into protines.
(in cytoplasm)
3 examples of gene (point) mutations
- insertion
- deletion
-substitution
What are point mutations?
(gene mutations)
Mutation changing just one gene
What are frameshift mutations?
Mutation chaning the whole cromosone
What year was DNA structure discovered?
1953
What did Edward Chargaff discover?
That the percentage of guanine and cytosine in DNA were almost equal.
What does DNA polymerase do?
Links new hydrogen bonds to the old DNA strand. (responsible for transcription!!)
what are point mutations?
Change in 1 gene
What are frameshift mutations?
change to the whole chromosone
