Unit 1 study guide

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

What makes DNA unuique?

Answer 2

• It holds our coded genetic information
• It copies itself exactly

Question 3

4 nitrogen bases?

Answer 3

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

Question 4

Which scientists discovered the structure of DNA?

Answer 4

Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin

Question 5

What does messengerRNA do?

Answer 5

Carries protines from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 6

What does transfer RNA do?

Answer 6

Carries specific animo acids to the ribosome

Question 7

What does ribosomalRNA do?

Answer 7

links together and reads the animo acid sequence

Question 8

DNA has two strands, RNA has 1?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is transcription?

Answer 9

The process of copying DNA to form RNA
(in nucleus)

Question 10

Which enzyme causes transcription?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase

Question 11

What is a codon?

Answer 11

A series of 3 mRNA nitrogen bases containing info needed to make protines.

Question 12

What is the start codon?

Answer 12

AUG (methionine)

Question 13

What does mutation mean?

Answer 13

‘To change’

Question 14

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 14

Nucleotides

Question 15

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 15

• 5 carbon sugar
• phosphate group
• nitrogen base

Question 16

What are purines?

Answer 16

Adenine and Guanine

Question 17

What is translation?

Answer 17

Process of changing the new mRNA strand into protines.
(in cytoplasm)

Question 18

3 examples of gene (point) mutations

Answer 18

• insertion
• deletion
  -substitution

Question 19

What are point mutations?
(gene mutations)

Answer 19

Mutation changing just one gene

Question 20

What are frameshift mutations?

Answer 20

Mutation chaning the whole cromosone

Question 21

What year was DNA structure discovered?

Answer 21

1953

Question 22

What did Edward Chargaff discover?

Answer 22

That the percentage of guanine and cytosine in DNA were almost equal.

Question 23

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 23

Links new hydrogen bonds to the old DNA strand. (responsible for transcription!!)

Question 24

what are point mutations?

Answer 24

Change in 1 gene

Question 25

What are frameshift mutations?

Answer 25

change to the whole chromosone