Evolution Test

Question 1

Define Evolution

Answer 1

The change in a species over time.

Question 2

Who adopted the theory of evolution?

Answer 2

Charles Darwin.

Question 3

What are the modern day examples of evolution?

Answer 3

• Insecticide resistance
• MRSA
• Bajau people
• Andes and Himilayans
• Lactose persistence
• peppered moths

Question 4

describe the Galapagos Islands, why so diverse?

Answer 4

so many different habitat zones, that such diverse life has been able to form closely together. As that life ended upswitching between the islands for one reason or another over time, it only got more diverse.

Question 5

Why were Darwin’s ideas so controversial?

Answer 5

His ideas threatened the views of the church (religion)

Question 6

What did Charles Lyell propose?

Answer 6

Earth is much more than thousands of years old, and that over that time since the climate and environment changed, so did the organisms.

Question 7

How did scientists help shape Darwin’s theory?

Answer 7

Helped people realise that Earth was much older than a few thousand years old, and that if the landscape can change, it only makes sense that the organisms do too.

Question 8

Why do we study Lamarks wrong ideas?

Answer 8

Because he got people to consider that living things can, and do, change overtime

Question 9

Define struggle for existence.

Answer 9

The competition for resources between organisms to live (both humans and animals)

Question 10

Define natural selection.

Answer 10

The idea that organisms more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive. The ‘fittest’ live and the others die.

Question 11

Evidence for evolution besides direct observation?

Answer 11

• Fossil evidence
• homologous and analogous structures
• biogreagraphry
• early embryonic similarities

Question 12

Homologous structures?

Answer 12

Structures on related organisms that have different purposes.

EX, human hand, bats wing, whales flipper.

Question 13

Analogous structures?

Answer 13

Structures on Unrelated organisms that have the same function

Ex. Birds wings and bees wings

Question 14

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 14

Unrelated organisms in 2 different areas of the world, but have similar conditions so they evolve the same.

Question 15

What is divergent evolution?
An example?

Answer 15

Start as the same species, but over time become more and more dissimilar.
* darwin’s finches

Question 16

What must happen for a species to become 1 or more new species?

Answer 16

The gene pool must be seperated

Question 17

How did the 13 species of finches distribute through to Galapagos?

Answer 17

• founder arrive
• geographical isolation
• changes in the gene pool
• behavrial isolation
  -competition + continued evolution

Question 18

Define species.

Answer 18

Groups of similar organisms capable of breeding together and creatinf FERTILE OFFSPRING (exchanging genes).

Question 19

What are the 3 types of reproductive isolation?

Answer 19

• Behavioral (differences in mating)
• Geographical (physical separation)
• Temporal (different timing, like the orchids and cicadas) *T for time

Question 20

Define gene pool.

Answer 20

The combination of all the genes present in a reproducing population or species

Question 21

define allele frequency

Answer 21

The number of times an allele (a different “version” of a gene) occurs in a gene pool

Question 22

What are the 3 sources of genetic variation? explain them.

Answer 22

• Mutations: An error causing DNA sequence to change
• Genetic recombination: Rearrangement of DNA when chromosomes break and rejoin.
• Lateral gene transfer: Genetic info transfers to an unrelated organism.

Question 23

What are single gene traits?

Answer 23

• controlled by 1 gene
• usually 2 phenotypes
• more simple

Question 24

What are polygenic traits?

Answer 24

• controlled by 2 genes
• variety of phenotypes
• many alleles
• more complex

Question 25

define phylogeny.

Answer 25

The study of relationships between organisms and their evolutionary development.
*like the cladograms!

Question 26

What is a clade?

Answer 26

group of organisms with a common ancestor.

Question 27

what did Hutton propose?

Answer 27

proposed ‘deep time’; earth has been slowly shaped over time by geological processes

Question 28

What did Lamarck propose?

Answer 28

• use and disuse
• inheritance of required traits
  tendency toward perfection

Question 29

What people can live high because of increased red blood cell production?

Answer 29

Andes people

Question 30

what do cladeograms show?

Answer 30

how evolutionary lineagles split from each other over time

Question 31

Fossils used as evolution evidence can be found where?

Answer 31

Amber, ice, cast + molds, and rock

Question 32

What was different about the Galapagos Islands finches that made some successful on certain islands and others not?

Answer 32

Their beak size and shape

Question 33

A(n) ___ is a heritable change in the structure of the DNA sequence

Answer 33

mutation