Gentetics and Meiosis EXAM Flashcards
what is a genotype?
The actual genetic makeup; letters that are used.
what is phenotype?
The physical characteristics.
what makes organisms homozygous ?
have 2 identical alleles of a particular trait (TT,tt).
what makes organisms heterozygous?
2 different alleles of a particular trait (Tt).
What is an allele?
possible versions of a gene.
- Ex. Blue or brown eyes
What are homologous chromosomes?
A set of similar chromosomes.
What does haploid mean? What type of cells are haploid?
one set of homologous chromosomes
- Ex. Sperm and egg
What does diploid mean? What types of cells are diploid?
Two sets of homologous chromosomes
- Ex. Blood,skin,muscle
Explain differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twins
Monozygotic:
- Identical twins
- develop from 1 embryo that splits into 2
- genetically identical
Dizygotic:
- Fraternal twins
- develop from 2 separate eggs
- genetically unique
What does the word ‘dominat’ mean in genetics?
It runs in families
What is a karyotype?
he arrangement of chromosomes based on banding patterns
(complete set of chromosomes)
What letters are for boys and girls?
XX= girl XY / YY= boy
What is a pedigree?
A diagram of family relationships that uses symbols to represent people, and lines to represent genetic relationships.
What is meiosis?
A process of cell division in which the cell divides twice, producing 4 cells, each with half the original DNA.
What is the end result of meiosis I?
What is the end of meiosis II?
1-
goes from diploid to haploid (2 cells).
2-
splits the sister chromatids (4 cells). Prophase 1 is most important, that’s where the tetrads form (process of crossing over)!
