Evolution EXAM Flashcards
Who made the theory of evolution?
Charles Darwin
Examples of modern day evolution.
- Insecticide resistance
- MRSA (bacteria resisting penicillin)
- Baujau people
- Andes / himilayan people
- Lactose persistence
- Peppered moths
What did Charles Lyell propose?
that the Earth is much more than thousands of years old, and that over that time since the climate and environment changed, so did the organisms.
Describe struggle for existence.
The competition for resources between organisms to live (both humans and animals)
What are homologous structures?
Structures on RELATED organisms that have DIFFRENT purposes.
EX, human hand, bats wing, whales flipper.
What are analogous structures?
Structures on Unrelated organisms that have the same function
Ex. Birds wings and bees wings
What is convergent evolution?
2 organisms that are NOT related become more similar
What is divergent evolution?
When a species becomes more dislike overtime
(like Darwins finches)
What must happen for a species to evolve?
Their gene pool must seperated.
5 steps to the finches spread in the Galapagos Islands
- founders arrive
- Geographic isolation
- changes in gene pool
- behavioral isolation
- competition + continued evolution
What are the 3 types of genetic variation? Explained them.
- Mutations: An error causing DNA sequence to change
- Genetic recombination: Rearrangement of DNA when chromosomes break and rejoin.
- Lateral gene transfer: Genetic info transfers to an unrelated organism.
Define phylogeny.
The study of relationships between organisms and their evolutionary development.
*like the cladograms!
Define clade.
A group of organisms with a common ancestor.
