Unit 1 review sheet Flashcards
Do organisms grouped in the same class have the be in the same order
no
Is it true that there’s more diversity and members of the same order compared with members of the same genus
yes
What is a saprobe (saprophyte)
A group of fungi that acts as decomposers
What is the difference between hyphae and mycelium
Hyphae are clusters of cells in a fungus that grow in a branch-like design; mycelium are large groups of hyphae.
What is the function of hyphae ad mycelium
They spread to other places to get more nutrients
Name the reproductive structure above ground in a fungus
mushroom
How are fungi useful
Medicine and food, cycle nutrients and decompose
How are fungi harmful
Cause disease
How are fungi different from plant
Their cell walls are made of chitin and they are heterotrophs
What is a symbiotic relationship
the organisms help each other
Describe an example of symbiosis with fungi
The Dutch Elm disease
States and describe 2 adaptions that plants have for living on land
cuticle– an outer layer that hold the water in
stoma–a small opening in the epidermis of the plant that allows gas exchange so the plant can take in small amounts of co2
Name and describe how a bacteria cell reproduces sexually
conjugation
Name and describe how a bacteria cell reproduces asexually
binary fission
are miosis and conjugation the same thing
yes
What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle for the reproduction of viruses
lytic- ends up breaking host cell
lysogenic- stays dormant then replicates and ends up lytic
most gram bacteria are gram positive or negative?
Positive
Why are they mostly positive in the gram test?
because of the thick outer layer of the peptidoglycan
What is a thermophilic
an extreme thermophile only live and thrive in warm temps
What is heterotrophic bacteria
uses organic chem. from other organism
What is autotrophic acidophobic
they assemble complex carbon molecules from simple inorganic chemicals
What are 3 ways bacteria are helpful
used in food, medicine, act a decomposers, are in intestines of animals and aids in digestion
why is it difficult to classify a virus
only clarify them if they have a host
how do amoebas move
by extensions of cytoplasm called pseudopods
how do ciliates move
have cilia, they beat and propel them through the water
how do zooflagellates move
they have flagella (tails)
most protists are single celled, why are they not classified as bacteria
bacteria is a prokaryote, live anywhere
and protists are eukaryotes and can be both uni and multi cellular and can only live in moist areas
describe the 2 main methods of reproduction of protists
asexual - binary fission
sexual - conjugation
what is a gymnosperm
is a vascular plant (like coniferous tree) that produces seeds in special structures called cones. the male cones produce and release pollen and the female comes produce eggs.
what is a angiosperm
a plant that produces flowers. the (male) flower produces pollen and egg in the (female) plant parts the plant is protected in an inclosed ovary. fate fertilization, seeds from within over and outer tissues from ovary become fruit. the main function of the fruit is to protect and disperse the seeds. Angiosperm is the majority the plants
What are the types of seeds
mono and di (1 ans 2) cotyledons-structer that stores nutrients
what does ventral refer to?
bottom
What does dorsal mean
top
antierior is what
the front (where the head is)
what does prosterior mean
the bottom (back end)
what is a notochord
a flexible rod found in some chordates
What is the main difference between porifera (sponge) and cnidaria (jellyfish)
sponges don’t have nerves and the cnidaria has nerves
what function does the mouth have in cnidaria in addition to the ingestion of food
the mouth is also the anus (only have one digestive opening)
where do sense organs and nerve cells usually concentrate in bilaterally symmetrical animals
spine/ near head
What is the disadvantage of radial symmetry
don’t have same sensory organs and bilateral animals
what is the main diff between flatworms and round worms
complete digestive systen
flatworm- has mouth and anus as one (like jellyfish)
What does segmented mean
different parts that are separated
do humans have segmented bodies
yes -upper and lower jaw, ribs
why do you see earthworms after it rains
because its easier to travel above ground rather than below…they breathe through they bodies and when ground is wet they can still get oxygen above ground (they have to live in moist areas)
earthworms are an example of
round
define loco motion
moving
give an example of flatworms
tape worms
what is an endoskeleton
inside skeleton
whats a exoskeleton
hard shell on outer body
list the features that all animals have in common
heterotrophs, sexual reproduction, breathe oxygen, motile
