circulatory system Flashcards
What is the point of a circulatory system
To deliver nutrients to all body cells, eliminate waste products and carbon dioxide, Transports chemical messengers such as hormones from one part of the body to another, helps to maintain a constant body temperature
What is it two main types of circulatory systems
open and closed
What is the two main types of closed circulatory system
Single circuit circulatory system and 2 circuit
What are the types of two circuit circulatory system
Pulmonary circuit and systemic
Defined open circulatory system
Hemolymph is pumped directly into the body cavity
define hemolymph
mix of food and tissue fluid
Defined closed circulatory system
Blood is separate from the rest of the body in a network of tubes
What is a single circuit circulatory system
Only one track the blood can travel
What is a two circuit circulatory system
Circulation to the lungs is separate from circulation to the rest of the body
What is the pulmonary circuit
Part of the circulatory system that delivers blood to the lungs
Define systemic circuit
The Part of the circulatory system that delivers blood around the body
How much blood is human body contain
4 L to 5 L depending on the size of the individual
blood is a connective tissue meaning what
A tissue that consists of cells suspended in an intracellular matrix
What is centrifuge
Separating blood into two components where the plasma rises to the top and the cellular components sink to the bottom. This is done by swirling the blood in a circular motion which naturally separates the two
What is plasma
Protein rich liquid it’s over 90% of it is water
What happens to the waste products for cellular respiration
They are dissolved or suspended in the plasma
Give an example of cellular respiration waste products
Oxygen, proteins, nutrients, Carbon dioxide
What proteins are included in the Plasma
albumins, globulins, fibrogens
what is albumins
Helps regulate the amount of water within the body
what are globulins
Transport lipids, cholesterol, some fat-soluble vitamins, Some minerals
what are fibrogens
Please a critical role in the blood clotting. Plasma with this removed is called serum
what are immunglobins
Antibodies that help fight infectious disease (transported by plasm as well)
What are the most common dissolves ions that plasma carries
Sodium and chloride
What happens in the concentration of sodium in the plasmas high
Increase in osmotic pressure gradient and causes water to enter the blood stream. Asthma water enters the blood, the total volume of blood increases and the blood pressure rises
What is a cell that is isotonic
When the water and sodium amounts are level
what is a cell that is hypotonic
When the sodium levels are higher with in the bloodstream for the blood cell causing water to enter the cell and inflate it
What is the cell that is hypertonic
When city levels are higher outside the blood cells the water in the cell moves outside creating an almost crippled cell
what are erythrocytes
They carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and carry carbon dioxide to the body cells back to the longs to be expelled
Where are red blood cells formed
From stem cells and marrow of vertebrae, ribs, breast bone, skull and bones of the arms and legs
After how long do erythrocytes Die and how are they removed
About hundred and 20 days and removed by the liver and spleen
About how many erythrocytes produced each second
Between 2 million and 3 million
What happens to the nucleus that the erythrocytes have on their developing in the marrow
When they are mature to the bloodstream and then you’ve this breaks down and disappears
What is the main point of white blood cells
To protect
What is the main job of red blood cells
To Transport
Where are leukocytes formed
In bone marrow
Do leukocytes always had a nuclear
yes
What is the first line of defense against harmful bacteria, viruses and other disease causing agents
White blood cells
The two categories of white blood cells
Granular and agranular
describe granular
We have greens in the cytoplasm and attach foreign material and microorganisms
Describe agranular
specialized for engulfing bacteria and microorganisms through phagocytosis.
what is phagocytosis
It engulfs the bacteria with in the some numbers and releases enzymes destroy the target and the leucocyte itself
What is plus
The remains of leucocytes and whatever engulfed it are left behind
What’s the main job of platelets
To protect
How do platelets protect
By clotting or coagulation
How do the platelets stop bleeding
By sticking to the collagen in the blood vessel wall and building on itself as it continues to grow and stop the blood from flowing out
What happens when cut is healed
The clock is absorbed back into the body
What are the four blood types
A, B, AB, O
What is the rhesus factor
It’s an inherited trait discovered by studying the blood of rhesus monkeys. Is an antigen on erythrocytes that produce an antibody reaction.
How common is the rhesus factor of Rh positive in the population
About 85% in the remaining 15% are considered Rh negative
Can RH negative people donate their blood to Rh positive people
Yes but they cannot receive Rh positive
what does the right atrium do
The right upper chamber of the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
what does the vena cava do
is a large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.
what does the tricuspid valve
The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium.
what does the right ventricle do
pumps the blood up through the pulmonary valve and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
what does the pulmonary artery do
carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. It is one of the only arteries (other than the umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carries deoxygenated blood
what do the lungs do
allow us to breathe
purpose of pulmonary vein
drain oxygenated blood from your lungs and return it to your heart
purpose of left atrium
blood is ready to be pumped into the body to deliver oxygen-rich blood to all bodily tissues.
purpose of the mitral valve
When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes. This forces the blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, and out to the body. If the valve does not close properly, blood can leak backward into the left atrium and lungs
purpose of the left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve and the aorta to the rest of the body.
what does the aortic arch do
The aortic arch is the portion of the main artery that bends between the ascending and descending aorta. It leaves the heart and ascends, then descends back to create the arch. The aorta distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
what does the arteries do
carry blood from your heart to the rest of your body
what do capillaries do
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. They allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other nutrient and waste substances to exchange between blood and surrounding tissues.
what do veins do
carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
why must the heart contract very strongly to pump blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
Because it has a long way to go throughout the body
why is there is difference i the thickness of the walls of the atria and the walls of ventricles
The ventricles of the heart have thicker muscular walls than the atria. This is because blood is pumped out of the heart at greater pressure from these chambers compared to the atria. The left ventricle also has a thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle
why are coronary blood vessels important
deliver blood to the heart muscle
why do the atrioventrical valves have a chordae tendinaea while the semilunar valves do not
get help
what happens during diastole and systole
During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the (left and right) ventricles drops from the peak that it reaches in systole. When the pressure in the left ventricle drops to below the pressure in the left atrium, the mitral valve opens, causing accumulated blood from the atrium to flow into the ventricle.
what is happening in the heart that makes it produce the sound it does
caused by the heart valves opening and closing as they pump blood. When the heart is working properly, blood can only flow in one direction. The valves make this possible by opening and closing in exact coordination with the heart’s pumping action. Put your head on someone’s chest and the heartbeat sounds a bit like lub-DUB, lub-DUB, lub-DUB. The” lub” is the sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing. The” DUB” is the sound of the aortic and pulmonary valves closing. Together, they’re the sound of someone’s heart doing its job.
