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Grade 11 Biology > circulatory system > Flashcards

circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the point of a circulatory system

A

To deliver nutrients to all body cells, eliminate waste products and carbon dioxide, Transports chemical messengers such as hormones from one part of the body to another, helps to maintain a constant body temperature

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2
Q

What is it two main types of circulatory systems

A

open and closed

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3
Q

What is the two main types of closed circulatory system

A

Single circuit circulatory system and 2 circuit

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4
Q

What are the types of two circuit circulatory system

A

Pulmonary circuit and systemic

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5
Q

Defined open circulatory system

A

Hemolymph is pumped directly into the body cavity

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6
Q

define hemolymph

A

mix of food and tissue fluid

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7
Q

Defined closed circulatory system

A

Blood is separate from the rest of the body in a network of tubes

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8
Q

What is a single circuit circulatory system

A

Only one track the blood can travel

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9
Q

What is a two circuit circulatory system

A

Circulation to the lungs is separate from circulation to the rest of the body

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10
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit

A

Part of the circulatory system that delivers blood to the lungs

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11
Q

Define systemic circuit

A

The Part of the circulatory system that delivers blood around the body

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12
Q

How much blood is human body contain

A

4 L to 5 L depending on the size of the individual

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13
Q

blood is a connective tissue meaning what

A

A tissue that consists of cells suspended in an intracellular matrix

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14
Q

What is centrifuge

A

Separating blood into two components where the plasma rises to the top and the cellular components sink to the bottom. This is done by swirling the blood in a circular motion which naturally separates the two

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15
Q

What is plasma

A

Protein rich liquid it’s over 90% of it is water

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16
Q

What happens to the waste products for cellular respiration

A

They are dissolved or suspended in the plasma

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17
Q

Give an example of cellular respiration waste products

A

Oxygen, proteins, nutrients, Carbon dioxide

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18
Q

What proteins are included in the Plasma

A

albumins, globulins, fibrogens

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19
Q

what is albumins

A

Helps regulate the amount of water within the body

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20
Q

what are globulins

A

Transport lipids, cholesterol, some fat-soluble vitamins, Some minerals

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21
Q

what are fibrogens

A

Please a critical role in the blood clotting. Plasma with this removed is called serum

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22
Q

what are immunglobins

A

Antibodies that help fight infectious disease (transported by plasm as well)

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23
Q

What are the most common dissolves ions that plasma carries

A

Sodium and chloride

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24
Q

What happens in the concentration of sodium in the plasmas high

A

Increase in osmotic pressure gradient and causes water to enter the blood stream. Asthma water enters the blood, the total volume of blood increases and the blood pressure rises

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25
Q

What is a cell that is isotonic

A

When the water and sodium amounts are level

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26
Q

what is a cell that is hypotonic

A

When the sodium levels are higher with in the bloodstream for the blood cell causing water to enter the cell and inflate it

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27
Q

What is the cell that is hypertonic

A

When city levels are higher outside the blood cells the water in the cell moves outside creating an almost crippled cell

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28
Q

what are erythrocytes

A

They carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and carry carbon dioxide to the body cells back to the longs to be expelled

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29
Q

Where are red blood cells formed

A

From stem cells and marrow of vertebrae, ribs, breast bone, skull and bones of the arms and legs

30
Q

After how long do erythrocytes Die and how are they removed

A

About hundred and 20 days and removed by the liver and spleen

31
Q

About how many erythrocytes produced each second

A

Between 2 million and 3 million

32
Q

What happens to the nucleus that the erythrocytes have on their developing in the marrow

A

When they are mature to the bloodstream and then you’ve this breaks down and disappears

33
Q

What is the main point of white blood cells

A

To protect

34
Q

What is the main job of red blood cells

A

To Transport

35
Q

Where are leukocytes formed

A

In bone marrow

36
Q

Do leukocytes always had a nuclear

A

yes

37
Q

What is the first line of defense against harmful bacteria, viruses and other disease causing agents

A

White blood cells

38
Q

The two categories of white blood cells

A

Granular and agranular

39
Q

describe granular

A

We have greens in the cytoplasm and attach foreign material and microorganisms

40
Q

Describe agranular

A

specialized for engulfing bacteria and microorganisms through phagocytosis.

41
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

It engulfs the bacteria with in the some numbers and releases enzymes destroy the target and the leucocyte itself

42
Q

What is plus

A

The remains of leucocytes and whatever engulfed it are left behind

43
Q

What’s the main job of platelets

A

To protect

44
Q

How do platelets protect

A

By clotting or coagulation

45
Q

How do the platelets stop bleeding

A

By sticking to the collagen in the blood vessel wall and building on itself as it continues to grow and stop the blood from flowing out

46
Q

What happens when cut is healed

A

The clock is absorbed back into the body

47
Q

What are the four blood types

A

A, B, AB, O

48
Q

What is the rhesus factor

A

It’s an inherited trait discovered by studying the blood of rhesus monkeys. Is an antigen on erythrocytes that produce an antibody reaction.

49
Q

How common is the rhesus factor of Rh positive in the population

A

About 85% in the remaining 15% are considered Rh negative

50
Q

Can RH negative people donate their blood to Rh positive people

A

Yes but they cannot receive Rh positive

51
Q

what does the right atrium do

A

The right upper chamber of the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.

52
Q

what does the vena cava do

A

is a large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

53
Q

what does the tricuspid valve

A

The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium.

54
Q

what does the right ventricle do

A

pumps the blood up through the pulmonary valve and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

55
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. It is one of the only arteries (other than the umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carries deoxygenated blood

56
Q

what do the lungs do

A

allow us to breathe

57
Q

purpose of pulmonary vein

A

drain oxygenated blood from your lungs and return it to your heart

58
Q

purpose of left atrium

A

blood is ready to be pumped into the body to deliver oxygen-rich blood to all bodily tissues.

59
Q

purpose of the mitral valve

A

When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes. This forces the blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, and out to the body. If the valve does not close properly, blood can leak backward into the left atrium and lungs

60
Q

purpose of the left ventricle

A

The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve and the aorta to the rest of the body.

61
Q

what does the aortic arch do

A

The aortic arch is the portion of the main artery that bends between the ascending and descending aorta. It leaves the heart and ascends, then descends back to create the arch. The aorta distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

62
Q

what does the arteries do

A

carry blood from your heart to the rest of your body

63
Q

what do capillaries do

A

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. They allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other nutrient and waste substances to exchange between blood and surrounding tissues.

64
Q

what do veins do

A

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

65
Q

why must the heart contract very strongly to pump blood from the left ventricle into the aorta

A

Because it has a long way to go throughout the body

66
Q

why is there is difference i the thickness of the walls of the atria and the walls of ventricles

A

The ventricles of the heart have thicker muscular walls than the atria. This is because blood is pumped out of the heart at greater pressure from these chambers compared to the atria. The left ventricle also has a thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle

67
Q

why are coronary blood vessels important

A

deliver blood to the heart muscle

68
Q

why do the atrioventrical valves have a chordae tendinaea while the semilunar valves do not

A

get help

69
Q

what happens during diastole and systole

A

During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the (left and right) ventricles drops from the peak that it reaches in systole. When the pressure in the left ventricle drops to below the pressure in the left atrium, the mitral valve opens, causing accumulated blood from the atrium to flow into the ventricle.

70
Q

what is happening in the heart that makes it produce the sound it does

A

caused by the heart valves opening and closing as they pump blood. When the heart is working properly, blood can only flow in one direction. The valves make this possible by opening and closing in exact coordination with the heart’s pumping action. Put your head on someone’s chest and the heartbeat sounds a bit like lub-DUB, lub-DUB, lub-DUB. The” lub” is the sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing. The” DUB” is the sound of the aortic and pulmonary valves closing. Together, they’re the sound of someone’s heart doing its job.

Grade 11 Biology (8 decks)

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