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SME 310: Strength Training > Unit 1 Quizes > Flashcards

Unit 1 Quizes Flashcards

1
Q

What surrounds a whole muscle, and which surrounds a fasciculus/fascicle?

A

Epimysium; Perimysium

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2
Q

A ___ is composed of muscle fibers; a ___ is composed of myofilaments of actin and myosin.

A

Fasciculus; Myofibril

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3
Q

A ——which primarily consists of actin and myosin; what is the functional contractile unit of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

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4
Q

Primary muscle Agonists during the up portion of the back squat?

A

Rectus Femoris

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5
Q

How to correctly/safely do the back squat?

A
  • Lifter push should lower the weight until the thighs are parallel to the floor or within a functional range of motion while keeping the knees from tracking across the plane of the toes

NO NOS
-Push through toes (should push through heels)
-Bar should not rest on the circle spine
-Lower back rounded

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6
Q

––is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and triggers a cascade of events that results in myosin-binding sites being exposed to the actin.

A

Calcium

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7
Q

—is the “thick” myofilament that contains the cross-bridge heads.

A

Myosin

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8
Q

During the excitation-contraction coupling phase of the sliding filament theory, calcium binds to _____ and causes a conformational shift. This shift then pulls _____ away from the myosin head binding sites located on actin.

A

troponin; tropomyosin

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9
Q

Which of the following is not considered proper technique when performing the forward-step lunge?

A

NOT—knee can touch the ground

Good:
The knee shouldn’t touch the ground.
60% of the weight should be forward.
During the up portion, the lifter should push through the heel.
A large enough step should be taken so the knee doesn’t go over the toes

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10
Q

In addition to the hip and knee extensors, what other muscle group is targeted by the sumo deadlift, power squat, and side lunge?

A

Hip abductors

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11
Q

What are the 5 phases of the Sliding Filament Theory?

A
  1. Resting phase
  2. Excitation and coupling Phase
  3. Contraction Phase
  4. Recharge Phase
  5. Relaxation Phase
  6. Low Calcium, no contractions
  7. Ca binds to troponin and pulls away tropomyosin (which was preventing the myosin heads from binding)
  8. Heads attach
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12
Q

What does step-ups Target?

A

Hip & Knee extension

Knee needs to be at 90 Degrees.

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13
Q

What is a closed/open kinetic chain?

A

The distal end (feet) is either
Open—Freely moving
Closed—Bound to the ground

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14
Q

The thin myofilament, containing the cross-bridge head binding sides

A

Actin

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15
Q

Strandlike structure wrapping around a myofilament, covering the cross-bridge head binding sites

A

Tropomyosin

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16
Q

Stored and released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Calcium

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17
Q

The thick myofilament, containing the cross bridgeheads

A

myosin

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18
Q

Undergoes a conformational shift after being bound by calcium

A

Troponin

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19
Q

Assumes a cocked configuration following ATP hydrolysis

A

Myosin

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20
Q

A Motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor neuron

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21
Q

Increasing tension developed by muscle fibers in response to repeated simulation

A

summation

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22
Q

What a motor neuron fire, all of its associated muscle fibers develop tension

A

All or none principle

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23
Q

The maximal amount of force a muscle fiber can generate due to repeated stimulation.

A

Tetanus

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24
Q

Area of a muscle fiber innervated by a motor neuron axonal terminus

A

motor end plate

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25
Q

Electrical impulse propagated along a neuron or muscle fiber.

A

action potential

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26
Q

Type I muscle Fibrs

A

—NOT Fast contraction speed—
Slow contraction
high endurance
low force production
The high aerobic enzyme content

27
Q

What sports events are most associated with recruiting a relatively Low number of type one muscle fibers and a high number of type 2?

A

100-meter sprint

28
Q

List the muscle fiber from small to large.

A

I, IIa, IIX

29
Q

what is the agonist of the leg press?

A

Rectus Femoris

30
Q

Up concentric if the leg extension is the

A

extension

31
Q

serves as an agonist for the leg extension exercise.?

A

Rectus femoris

32
Q

In machine exercises, the joint should be aligned with the swing arm.

A

true

33
Q

––The functional unit of a muscle contraction consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

34
Q

Muscles require precision and often have several hundred muscle fibers served by one motor neuron

A

True!
few units for precise
Many for more powerful

35
Q

Type IIx are

A

Fast twitch; glycolytic

36
Q

Type I, compared to Type II, has a greater capillary and mitochondrial density, as well as a higher myoglobin.

A

yes! Becuase type one is areobic

37
Q

Muscle force output is increased by

A
  1. Increased number of active muscle units
  2. Reducing inhibition mechanism
38
Q

What are descriptive of Type II Muscle Fibers?

A

Larger Motor neuron size
Low myoglobin content
Large Fiber size
Fatigue easily

39
Q

What responds to a rapid muscle stretch by reflexively increasing muscle activity?

A

Muscle Spindle

40
Q

What detects excessive loads in muscle and responds by inhibiting muscle force production

A

Golgi’s tendon

41
Q

Agonist of leg curl

A

(Hamstrings)
Semi membranous

42
Q

During the “UP” portion of a calf raise what movement is happening at the ankle joint?

A

Plantar flexors
USE: Gastornemus & Soleus

43
Q

A seated calf raise places the most emphasis on which muscle?

A

Soleus

44
Q

What are the agonists during the pull “up” portion of the power clean

A

TRIPLE EXTENSION—Hips, Knees, Shoulder

—Gastrocenmius, Trapezius, Gluteus Maximus

45
Q

The catch phase of a full clean mostly closely resembles

A

the front squat

46
Q

____IS the flow of energy through the human body

A

bioenergetics

47
Q

ATPase catalyzes the hydrolysis or breakdown of ATP is a ___ Reaction.

A

Catabolic/exergonic (release of energy)

48
Q

What is the body’s energy currency for contraction?

A

ATP

49
Q

Which energy system is active during short-term, high-intensity exercise lasting 2 minutes.

A

Fast Glycolysis

50
Q

____ What occurs at 50%–60% VO2max in untrained individuals is also known as the “anaerobic” threshold since it increases reliance on anaerobic metabolism

A

Lactate Threshold

51
Q

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP —> 2Lactate + 2ATP + H2O

A

Fast Glycolysis

52
Q

Where does oxidative metabolism (Kreb cycle) take place within a muscle fiber> (Where pyruvate goes during slow glycolysis)

A

Mitochondria

Areobic = mitcohonria

53
Q

How many ATP are generated by the oxidation (complete breakdown) of 1 glucose molecule?

A

36—38

54
Q

Oxidation (Complete breakdown), which substrates yield the most ATP?

A

1 Triglyceride molecule (bc 3 glucose in it)
36-38

55
Q

Which energy system is predominantly active during short-term, very high-intensity exercise lasting 10 seconds?

A

Phosphagen

56
Q

Which energy system has the highest (fastest) rate of energy production?

A

Phosphagen

57
Q

Which energy system has the greatest capacity for energy production? (produces the most ATP per unit of substrate)

A

Fat oxidation

58
Q

What is the difference btw clean and snatch?

A
  1. Catch phase (snatch catches in the front squat, clean, catch it in the back squat)
  2. Grip (Hook grip for Snatch) (Power clean, wide grip)
  3. Shoulder movement (Snatch is diagonal flexion) (clean shoulder abduction)
59
Q

Which of the following energy systems is predominantly active during prolonged (3+ minutes), low-intensity exercise?

A

Oxidative

60
Q

When a sprinter stops running, his oxygen consumption (i.e., metabolism) remains elevated above normal resting levels, even though he is no longer exercising. What is the name of this phenomenon?

A

EPOC
(Excese oxygen intake)

61
Q

Into her third set, a weightlifter is only able to complete 8 out of 10 repetitions of back squats. Which of the following factors is the least likely to have contributed to her missed repetitions?

A

Depleted fat stores

Is an issue:
Depleted Creatine phostphate
Depleated muscle glycogen
Lower PH (acidic 3-4 set)

62
Q

________ is defined as the anaerobic contribution to the energy cost of exercise. This occurs since aerobic metabolism is a slower energetic pathway which takes time to reach a steady-state.

A

Oxygen deficit

63
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding the first 30 seconds of sustained maximal effort exercise?

  1. Anaerobic mechanisms account for the majority of the energy production
  2. Aerobic mechanisms account for the majority of the energy production
  3. Anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms contribute equally to the energy production
A

Anaerobic mechanisms account for the majority of the energy production

(goes form phosphate to fast glyocolsis which is anaerobic

64
Q
A

SME 310: Strength Training (11 decks)

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