Unit 1 Quizes Flashcards
What surrounds a whole muscle, and which surrounds a fasciculus/fascicle?
Epimysium; Perimysium
A ___ is composed of muscle fibers; a ___ is composed of myofilaments of actin and myosin.
Fasciculus; Myofibril
A ——which primarily consists of actin and myosin; what is the functional contractile unit of skeletal muscle
Sarcomere
Primary muscle Agonists during the up portion of the back squat?
Rectus Femoris
How to correctly/safely do the back squat?
- Lifter push should lower the weight until the thighs are parallel to the floor or within a functional range of motion while keeping the knees from tracking across the plane of the toes
NO NOS
-Push through toes (should push through heels)
-Bar should not rest on the circle spine
-Lower back rounded
––is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and triggers a cascade of events that results in myosin-binding sites being exposed to the actin.
Calcium
—is the “thick” myofilament that contains the cross-bridge heads.
Myosin
During the excitation-contraction coupling phase of the sliding filament theory, calcium binds to _____ and causes a conformational shift. This shift then pulls _____ away from the myosin head binding sites located on actin.
troponin; tropomyosin
Which of the following is not considered proper technique when performing the forward-step lunge?
NOT—knee can touch the ground
Good:
The knee shouldn’t touch the ground.
60% of the weight should be forward.
During the up portion, the lifter should push through the heel.
A large enough step should be taken so the knee doesn’t go over the toes
In addition to the hip and knee extensors, what other muscle group is targeted by the sumo deadlift, power squat, and side lunge?
Hip abductors
What are the 5 phases of the Sliding Filament Theory?
- Resting phase
- Excitation and coupling Phase
- Contraction Phase
- Recharge Phase
- Relaxation Phase
- Low Calcium, no contractions
- Ca binds to troponin and pulls away tropomyosin (which was preventing the myosin heads from binding)
- Heads attach
What does step-ups Target?
Hip & Knee extension
Knee needs to be at 90 Degrees.
What is a closed/open kinetic chain?
The distal end (feet) is either
Open—Freely moving
Closed—Bound to the ground
The thin myofilament, containing the cross-bridge head binding sides
Actin
Strandlike structure wrapping around a myofilament, covering the cross-bridge head binding sites
Tropomyosin
Stored and released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium
The thick myofilament, containing the cross bridgeheads
myosin
Undergoes a conformational shift after being bound by calcium
Troponin
Assumes a cocked configuration following ATP hydrolysis
Myosin
A Motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
motor neuron
Increasing tension developed by muscle fibers in response to repeated simulation
summation
What a motor neuron fire, all of its associated muscle fibers develop tension
All or none principle
The maximal amount of force a muscle fiber can generate due to repeated stimulation.
Tetanus
Area of a muscle fiber innervated by a motor neuron axonal terminus
motor end plate
Electrical impulse propagated along a neuron or muscle fiber.
action potential
Type I muscle Fibrs
—NOT Fast contraction speed—
Slow contraction
high endurance
low force production
The high aerobic enzyme content
What sports events are most associated with recruiting a relatively Low number of type one muscle fibers and a high number of type 2?
100-meter sprint
List the muscle fiber from small to large.
I, IIa, IIX
what is the agonist of the leg press?
Rectus Femoris
Up concentric if the leg extension is the
extension
serves as an agonist for the leg extension exercise.?
Rectus femoris
In machine exercises, the joint should be aligned with the swing arm.
true
––The functional unit of a muscle contraction consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
Muscles require precision and often have several hundred muscle fibers served by one motor neuron
True!
few units for precise
Many for more powerful
Type IIx are
Fast twitch; glycolytic
Type I, compared to Type II, has a greater capillary and mitochondrial density, as well as a higher myoglobin.
yes! Becuase type one is areobic
Muscle force output is increased by
- Increased number of active muscle units
- Reducing inhibition mechanism
What are descriptive of Type II Muscle Fibers?
Larger Motor neuron size
Low myoglobin content
Large Fiber size
Fatigue easily
What responds to a rapid muscle stretch by reflexively increasing muscle activity?
Muscle Spindle
What detects excessive loads in muscle and responds by inhibiting muscle force production
Golgi’s tendon
Agonist of leg curl
(Hamstrings)
Semi membranous
During the “UP” portion of a calf raise what movement is happening at the ankle joint?
Plantar flexors
USE: Gastornemus & Soleus
A seated calf raise places the most emphasis on which muscle?
Soleus
What are the agonists during the pull “up” portion of the power clean
TRIPLE EXTENSION—Hips, Knees, Shoulder
—Gastrocenmius, Trapezius, Gluteus Maximus
The catch phase of a full clean mostly closely resembles
the front squat
____IS the flow of energy through the human body
bioenergetics
ATPase catalyzes the hydrolysis or breakdown of ATP is a ___ Reaction.
Catabolic/exergonic (release of energy)
What is the body’s energy currency for contraction?
ATP
Which energy system is active during short-term, high-intensity exercise lasting 2 minutes.
Fast Glycolysis
____ What occurs at 50%–60% VO2max in untrained individuals is also known as the “anaerobic” threshold since it increases reliance on anaerobic metabolism
Lactate Threshold
Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP —> 2Lactate + 2ATP + H2O
Fast Glycolysis
Where does oxidative metabolism (Kreb cycle) take place within a muscle fiber> (Where pyruvate goes during slow glycolysis)
Mitochondria
Areobic = mitcohonria
How many ATP are generated by the oxidation (complete breakdown) of 1 glucose molecule?
36—38
Oxidation (Complete breakdown), which substrates yield the most ATP?
1 Triglyceride molecule (bc 3 glucose in it)
36-38
Which energy system is predominantly active during short-term, very high-intensity exercise lasting 10 seconds?
Phosphagen
Which energy system has the highest (fastest) rate of energy production?
Phosphagen
Which energy system has the greatest capacity for energy production? (produces the most ATP per unit of substrate)
Fat oxidation
What is the difference btw clean and snatch?
- Catch phase (snatch catches in the front squat, clean, catch it in the back squat)
- Grip (Hook grip for Snatch) (Power clean, wide grip)
- Shoulder movement (Snatch is diagonal flexion) (clean shoulder abduction)
Which of the following energy systems is predominantly active during prolonged (3+ minutes), low-intensity exercise?
Oxidative
When a sprinter stops running, his oxygen consumption (i.e., metabolism) remains elevated above normal resting levels, even though he is no longer exercising. What is the name of this phenomenon?
EPOC
(Excese oxygen intake)
Into her third set, a weightlifter is only able to complete 8 out of 10 repetitions of back squats. Which of the following factors is the least likely to have contributed to her missed repetitions?
Depleted fat stores
Is an issue:
Depleted Creatine phostphate
Depleated muscle glycogen
Lower PH (acidic 3-4 set)
________ is defined as the anaerobic contribution to the energy cost of exercise. This occurs since aerobic metabolism is a slower energetic pathway which takes time to reach a steady-state.
Oxygen deficit
Which of the following is correct regarding the first 30 seconds of sustained maximal effort exercise?
- Anaerobic mechanisms account for the majority of the energy production
- Aerobic mechanisms account for the majority of the energy production
- Anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms contribute equally to the energy production
Anaerobic mechanisms account for the majority of the energy production
(goes form phosphate to fast glyocolsis which is anaerobic
