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SME 310: Strength Training > Chapter 4: Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives:
1. Understand basic concepts of endocrinology.
2. Explain the physiological roles of anabolic hormones.
3. Describe hormonal responses to resistance exercise.
4. Discuss how training programs can affect endocrine responses.

A
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2
Q

Section Outline:
1. Synthesis, Storage, and Secretion of Hormones

A
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3
Q

The endicrine system can be ____ with ___ to enhance the development of target tissues; improving performance.

A

Manipulated
Resistance trainig
target tissues

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4
Q

Roles of Hormones:

A

Reproduction
energy production
growth and development
homeostasis

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5
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

Supports the normal homeostatic function of the human body and aids in response to external stimuli

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6
Q

What are hormones? Where are they stored?

A

Chemical messengers that are synthesized, stored, and released into the body by endocrine glands (as well as other types of cells)

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7
Q

How do Endocrine glads work?

A

They release hormones into the blood.
Hormones interact with the receptors, (peptide) or in the nucleus (thyroid/steriods)

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8
Q

What are the 3 ways hormones can be released?

A

Enocrine Glands, Autocrine and Paracrine

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9
Q

Autocrine mechanism

A

Cell releases hormone inside of itself
(IGF-I)

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10
Q

Paracrine mechanisms

A

Hormone acts on adjacent cells (no need for
circulation)

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11
Q

What do Binding proteins do?

A

Extends life of hormones
Store, protect
Hormones are inactive when bound.

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12
Q

Muscle Remodeling

A

Damage of muscle fibers, (heads of myosin ripped of)
Inflammatory response releases hormonal interactions
Uses new protiens to rebuild

Increase in protein synthesis and decrease in degradation are first steps in muscle growth

increases in contractile proteins (actin + Myosin)

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13
Q

Hormones are intimately involved with ___ and —— mechanisms

A

protein synthesis; degradation

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14
Q

Anabolic hormones

A

promote tissue building
insulin, insulin-like growth factor, testosterone, growth hormone

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15
Q

Catabolic hormones

A

attempt to degrade cell proteins to support glucose synthesis
cortisol, progesterone

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16
Q

Long-term heavy resistance training —> enhanced __, ___, and __ of trained musculature

A

size; strength; power

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17
Q

…………………

A

……………

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18
Q

Singal from hormone is relayed only to cells that express a specific____

A

Hormone receptor

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19
Q

Diffrenet types/forms of receptors

A

Moblie—
Integrated—
Regulatory—

20
Q

Lock and Key Theory

Cross reactivity
Allosteric Binding

A

A specific hormone will on fit a specific receptor

Cross reactivity—A given receptor partially reacts with a hormone not specifically designed for it (The key will fit but won’t turn)

Allosteric Binding—Substances other than hormones can bind receptors and cause events

21
Q

Downregaulation

what are reasons for downregulation?

A

Inability for a hormone to interact with its receptor
1. Can’t bind as easy—Sentitivity
2. reduced # of receptors

causes:
1. Gentetic max
2. Drug use
3. Exercise mistakes—Not taking breaks

22
Q

Steriod Hormones

A

Sythenesized from cholesterol
hormones from adrenal cortex + gonads
passivley diffuses through fat—no memberane
Bind with receptor to form homrmone receptor complex (H-RC)

23
Q

What are the 3 primary Anabolic Hormones?

A

Testosterone
Growth Hormones
Insulin-like Growth Factors

24
Q

Testosterone

A

Secretion and circulation
–From testes/overies & Adrenal
–98% Circulating Testosterone binds to SHBG (binding protien) or Albumin (blood protien)

Bodily effects

Responses to Exercise

25
Q

What is a androgen hormone?

A

Masculinizing; Testosterone

26
Q

Free Testosterone Hyposthesis

A

only free (unbound; ~2%) testosterone can exert effects on target tissues
—Promotes GH response (pituitary)
– Interacts with neuronal receptors, increasing amounts of neurotransmitters
–Crosses sarcolemma (no membrane receptor needed) and binds to nuclear androgen receptor
– Complex binds to DNA and stimulates transcription (i.e., protein synthesis)

you only need the free testosterone (less than 2%) to effect tissues
Stimulation protien syntheisis

27
Q

What are the ergogenic effects of testosterone?

A
  1. Increases lean muscle mass through Increased protien synthesis (bigger muscles)
  2. Increase blood cell formation (too much = clot)
  3. Increases glycogen storage
  4. Increases lipolysis (fat breakdown)

  1. testosterone increases hemoglobin (more oxgy)
28
Q

What is the optomal time for rest?

A

60 secs

29
Q

Testosterone lvl. When highest in men?

A

in the morning

30
Q

What is another name for growth hormone?

A

somatotropin

looks like a wad of gum

31
Q

what type of hormone is growth hormone and how is it secreted?

A

Polypetide; Anterior pituitary gland.

32
Q

What family is the GH from?

A

protien family

33
Q

growth hormone Interacts — with target tissues, which include
bone, immune cells, skeletal muscle, fat cells, and
liver tissue

A

directly

34
Q

growth hormone is regulated by —- mechanisms
(i.e., involves the hypothalamus) and mediated by —–

A

neuroendocrine feedback; secondary hormones

35
Q

What are the GH effects on muscle tissue?

A

1) Enhances amino acid uptake and protein synthesis  results in hypertrophy of Type I and II muscle fibers (Anabolic–IGF-1)

2) Decreases glucose utilization and glycogen formation – Increases breakdown and utilization of fats
3) Increases collagen synthesis
4) Stimulates cartilage growth

36
Q

GH Secretion varies according to —, with highest levels observed at –

A

time of day; night

37
Q

-GH released in – episodes
– Exercise increases – of bursts

A

pulsatile; number

38
Q

Women have — blood levels of GH than do men

A

higher

39
Q

IGF-1

A

Insulin-Like Growth Factors;
70-AA polypetide
super anabolic

40
Q

what stimulates stimulates liver cell DNA to synthesize IGFs. How?

A

GH; IGF travels in blood through binding protiens (IGFBP)
(could take a day to do it)

41
Q

………………

A
42
Q

The more muscle fibers recruited for an exercise, the greater the
extent of _____
– Only activated muscle fibers are subject to ___

A

potential remodeling; adaptation

43
Q

how to Increasing testosterone

A

increaese anobolic response;
1. Large muscle group exercises
2. Heavy resistance
3. Moderate to high volume (5-10 RM sets) (till failure)
4. Short rest intervals (30-60s)

44
Q

How to increases GH

A
  1. Intesnse anerobic work outs with high lactate
  2. High intesnisty with short rest (no more than a minute)
45
Q

Aderanal Hormones

A
  1. High volume,
  2. Large Muscles
  3. Short rest
  4. Rest intervals
  5. DON’T OVER TRAIN
46
Q

DONE :)

A

SME 310: Strength Training (11 decks)

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