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History > Unit 1 - Natives > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Natives Flashcards

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1
Q

how did the aboriginals arrive

A
  • through climate change
  • crossed the bering strait
  • came from asia to the americas
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2
Q

what are the three linguistic groups?

A
  • inukitut
  • algonquain
  • iroquoain
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3
Q

what does nomadic mean

A

do not have a set place to live

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4
Q

which societies were nomadic

A
  • algonquain

- inuit

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5
Q

where did the inuit live

A

in the artic

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6
Q

where did the inuit get their food from

A

hunted and fished

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7
Q

what did the inuit live in

A

igloos in the winter

tents in the summer

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8
Q

where did the algonquain live

A

eastern sub-artic

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9
Q

where did the algonquain get their food from

A

summer and spring hunted but added fishing and berries

winter and fall hunted

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10
Q

what did algonquain live in

A

wigwams

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11
Q

what kind of society were the algonquain

A

patriarchy, ran by men

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12
Q

where did the iroquois live

A

the northeast, climate was moderate

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13
Q

where the iroquois sedentary or nomadic

A

sedentary

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14
Q

how did the iroquois get there food

A

mostly from agriculture

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15
Q

what did the iroquois live in

A

longhouses

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16
Q

what kind of society were the iroquois

A

matriarchy, ran by women

men went to go live with their wives families

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17
Q

explain the clan

A

made up of families from the same maternal ancestors

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18
Q

explain the villages

A

made up of several longhouses, several clans in a village

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19
Q

explain the nation

A

composed of several villages thats share the same culture and language

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20
Q

explain the confederacy (league)

A

certain nations joined together to form confederacies for security and defense

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21
Q

how did the inuit make decisions

A

very flexible and made them fast because they lived far apart from each other. they involved the entire group

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22
Q

how did the algonquin and iroquois make decisions

A

they were led by chiefs and decisions were usually made by a council

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23
Q

what was each clan represented by……..(iroquois)

A

by war and civil chiefs (male)

which were appointed by clan mothers

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24
Q

explain civil chiefs

A

were in charge of political and trade matters and relations with other villages and nations

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25
Q

explain war chiefs

A

in charge of military strategies and led warriors in battle

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26
Q

what is a village council (iroquois)

A

made up of clans civil cheifs, assistants and some elders

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27
Q

what is a nation council

A

brought together the chiefs of all clans in the nation

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28
Q

why was oral tradition so important

A

because they didn’t have writings

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29
Q

what are story tellers

A
  • they are elders since their experience made their stories more credible
  • also known for their eloquence
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30
Q

What did sedentary people trade

A

pottery, agriculture products, corn, beans, tabacco

31
Q

what did nomadic people trade

A

meat, skins, furs

32
Q

what were shamans

A

had superior power which allowed them to communicate with the spiritual worlds. could predict the future and inteperet dreams

33
Q

what did native beleive territory was

A
  • no individual property and belonged to the nation
34
Q

what was not part of natuve culture

A

wealth and material goods

35
Q

when were gifts offered

A

to solidify marriage proposals and at marriage proposals

36
Q

who did aboriginals trade with

A

only people they were allied with

37
Q

what were the 3 Iroquoian confederacies in 1500

A

league of 5 nations
Huron - wendats
neutrals

38
Q

when and where did most of the trading happen

A

in the summer, in villages

39
Q

what were nations usually near to help them trade

A

bodies of water

40
Q

who were the trading commercial traders

A

huron- wendats

41
Q

what was the purpose of trading

A

to satisfy a need

42
Q

what system did they use for trading

A

barter system

43
Q

why were there rivalries between native nations

A
  • control of fishing or commercial routes
  • young warrior can show prestige and courage
  • seeking revenge
  • capturing prisoners
44
Q

what were the cases of most prisoners

A
  • were taken captive during the war
  • were killed, tortured, forced to do labor
  • adopted by captive families ‘
45
Q

how did the first nations come into contact with Europeans

A
  • find a new route to Asia
  • create a colonial empire
  • get richer
  • convert people
46
Q

who was John Cabot

A

british explorer who was sent to find a new trade route to Asia

47
Q

what did Cabot discover

A

newfoundland in 1497

48
Q

what did the French trade with the natives

A

glass, beads, axes, knives, hammers, nails and clothing

49
Q

what did the natives give the french

A

furs

50
Q

why did natives value European goods

A

because it made their lives easier

51
Q

what were the bad consequences of the introduction of European goods

A
  • caused disruption between native nations
  • affected the environment
    overhunting
52
Q

when were Jaques carriers first voyage

A

1534,

53
Q

what were the first missions purposes

A
  1. find a trade route to Asia (didn’t accomplish)
  2. bring back gold and riches (didn’t accomplish)
  3. get more land for the king (accomplished)
54
Q

where did Cartier arrive on his first mission

A

base de Gaspe

55
Q

when was cartiers second voyage

A

1535

56
Q

what did Cartier find on his second voyage

A

st Laurent river

57
Q

where did Cartier go on his second voyage

A

standalone and Hochelaga

58
Q

when was cartiers 3rd voyage

A

1541-1542

59
Q

what was the mission of his 3rd voyage

A

to set up a colony

60
Q

did cartiers voyage succeded (3rd mission)

A

no its failed and France lost interest in the colony for 70 years

61
Q

what happened in 1603

A

the French established an alliance w the Montagnais at Tadoussac. french had to fight Montagnais enemies including the Iroquois.

62
Q

how did the European come into contact with aboriginal people

A

while they were drying their cod on the shore

63
Q

what were cartiers new objectives in 1541

A

convert aboriginals and settle the colony

64
Q

who was appointed by the king to settle the colony

A

roberval

65
Q

what did Roberval try to do

A

he tried to settle in the colony and spend the winter there but he found it too hard so he returned to France with the surviving colonists

66
Q

what are other theories about the arrival of aboriginals

A
  • costal migration - migrated southward along the cost of north america
  • Thule - nomadic hunter that settled in quebec
67
Q

what were the beliefs of the first nations in relation to spirituality

A
  • all beings were equal (living or not living)
  • the environment had a spirit
  • connection between living and spirit world
68
Q

what did first nations Believe a hunters success was base off of

A
  • skill

- connection with the animals

69
Q

what are rituals

A
  • a way to communicate with the spirit worlds
70
Q

what did sedentary people trade

A
  • pottery
  • agricultural products
  • corn, beans, tobacco
71
Q

what is the barter system

A

good exchanged for goods. nor formal currency

72
Q

what did cartier do on his first voyage

A
  • went to stadacona and met donnacona (the chief)

- cartier returned to france with 2 of donncona’s sons

73
Q

why did the europeans demand fur

A

because the beaver was scarce in europe

History (9 decks)

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