Uni 2 - Evolution Of Society Under French Rule Flashcards
1
Q
What were Frances objectifs in the 17th century
A
Exploit the territories natural resources
Populate the colony
Convert the native people
2
Q
Which two countries were always at war during the 17th century
A
England and France.
3
Q
What is the purpose of mercantilism
A
Made to enrich the mother country. It was a good way to help the fur trade.
Supply raw materials to France
Purchase finished goods from France
And help France in international competition
4
Q
Who did France grant monopolies to
A
Individuals or companies
5
Q
What is a monopoly
A
The exclusive exploitation of a resource by one individual or a chartered company
6
Q
What were people who got monopolies supposed to do
A
Bring over colonists to develop the colonies
7
Q
What did Champlain find
A
He founded Quebec in 1608
8
Q
What are the reasons why Champlain chose Quebec for a place to settle
A
Narrow width of the river made it easier to monitor navigation
Territory bordered with aboriginals who they were allowed with
9
Q
Who was the first French colonist in 1617
A
Louis Hebert
10
Q
Why did the French need to trade with the natives
A
They needed them to trade furs and the French were unfamiliar with the territory
11
Q
Who were the French allied with
A
Huron-wendats
12
Q
What did missionaries to try and convert the natives
A
Learnt the native languages and lived in their communities
13
Q
What were the reasons that some natives converted
A
- Trade advantages
2. Because of epidemic, wanted to go to heaven
14
Q
What happened in 1634
A
Trois rivieres became a permanent settlement
15
Q
Why was the settlement of ville marie founded
A
They wanted to have a settlement colony on the island of Montreal to convert aboriginal people
16
Q
Who founded the settlement of ville marie
A
Paul chomedey de Maisonneuve
17
Q
When was the company of 100 associates created
A
1627
18
Q
Who was in charge of the company of 100 associates x
A
Overseen by the state
Cardinal Richelieu looked over it
19
Q
What was the objectifs of the company of 100 associates
A
Convert the aboriginals
Exploit the natural resources of the colony
Settle the colony
20
Q
What did the state do I return if the company met their goals
A
Granted monopolies
21
Q
What is an engage
A
Colonist who agrees to work for an employer in return for wages. After their contract expired they could settle in the colony
22
Q
Why did companies not want to help develop the colony
A
They were more interested in economic gain.
23
Q
What was the population of the colony in 1627
A
Over 100 colonists and most were men
24
Q
Who did the company of 100 associates grant land to
A
To seigneurs who divided their seigneuries into smaller lots called censives
25
What was the social hierarchy ins 1608
King —> nobles —> bourgeoisie —> peasants —> slaves
26
What were the obligations of the seigneurs
Had to be loyal to the king of France
Had to build a flour kill
If they sold the seigneury they had to give 1/5 of the sales to the king
27
What were the obligations of the censitaires
Had to work the land
Had to pay seigneur annual rent
Had to do unpaid labour on occasion
28
Where were seigneurs usually situated
Perpendicular to the st Laurent river or other main waterways
29
Why was it important for a seigneury to be near a waterway
Waterways were the main communication channel so it was important cause they used it for trade.
30
What did censitaires have to do
Had to clear the forest
| most of the day was farm work
31
Why was life in New France better than France
Farm lands were bigger
People in New France are better
Was less poverty
Had more access to wealth
32
why was life in new france better than in france
better nutrion
new france was less poor
more acess to wealth because they had many natural resources
33
what did the increase demand of fur lead to
led to the explorations west and south and french claimed more land
34
what did the french do so that the fur trade would stay in their hands
the blocked off english colonies from spreding and made deals with the aboriginals
35
who controlled the fur trade
huron and the french
36
who was allied with the english
iroquois and the dutch
37
why did the english give arms to the iroquois
so they can attack the french and weaken them `
38
why did the iroquois agree to the alliance with the english
because they would get more european goods
39
what war happened between 1648-1650
iroquois almost took over huron wendat. the iroquois and the wendat fought
40
what were the territories that new france had
1. canada
2. acadia
3. parts of newfoundland
41
what was the problem about european countries claiming land in north america
they signed treaties but they didnt realise the natives were there first
42
what was the population of new france in 1663
3000 colonists
43
what attracted male immigration
the fur trade attracted male
44
how did missionaries populate the colony
brought over french catholics
45
what did the Europeans expose the french to
to disease which caused the population to go down
46
what was the role of minister of marine
lived in france and controlled all the colonies
47
what was the role of the governor
- appointed by the king
- represented the king in new france
- commanded soldiers
- responsible for foreign affairs
48
what is the role of the intendant
- internal affairs
| - taxes, infrastructure
49
what is the sovereign council
- composed of governor, intendant and bishop
| - made laws, settled disputes
50
what does absolutism mean
absolute power
| the king of france can make decisions without having to justify.
51
what were the leaders of the colony in charge of deciding
- administering the colony and ensuring its development and security
52
what was the king in charge of deciding
key political, economic and militray decisions
53
what was the army and militia
regular soldiers and militia men
54
what happened in 1665 which had to do with the defiance of the colony
carigan salieres regiment was sent to defend the colony. also to fight iroquois
55
who was in charge of developing the colony in 1663
jean baptiste colbert
56
who was jean baptiste
intendant of new France
| support the colony growth
57
why did the Filles du Roy come into place
they wanted to balance out men and women
58
why were settlement policies made
to encourage births and marriages
59
what were the settlement policies
1. fathers were fined if sons and daughters weren't married by a certain age
2. king gave money to men and women who married young
3. parents got money if they had more than 10 children
4. gave prisoners right to settle in the colony
5. king gave money to Catholic women who married French colonists
6. soldiers and officers had the chance to settle
60
what happened because of the Filles du Roy
the gap between men and women was reduced
61
because there were more natural resources in the colony, what happened
the population increased, people gave birth more and lived longer
62
what was the major industry in the colony
fur
63
why did France want to diversify the colony
because a more diversified colony means it will be more wealthy and many natural resources
64
what were the measures jean talon made to try and diversify the colony
he brought over seeds to see which one worked best with the land. tried to diversify crops. sent colonists to explore for resources
65
what were the results of trying to diversify the colony
almost no agricultural surplus. fur went back to being the main resource. mother country wasn't buying products.
66
what were the obstacles in trying to diversify the colony?
certain resources that they wanted were located sparsely or in inhabited areas. exploitation was expensive
67
what was the triangular trade
trade between France, new France, and the west indies
68
what the three principles of the triangular trade
1. ships are never empty
2. ships leaving new France and the west indies are filled with raw materials
3. ships leaving France have finished products
69
what were people called who live in the St Lawrence Valley
Canadian
70
what were people called who lived in Maritimes
acadians
71
what was the behavior of the habitants in the colony
were less obedient and more independent. the vastness of the territory and influence of the natives caused this behavior
72
why did some Canadians turn to native practices
because of the climate
73
what was the new format of the fur trade in 1663
everyone was able to participate in the fur trade. many couriers de bois came and participated in the fur trade
74
what was the consequence of everyone participating in the fur trade
there was a danger of overproduction
75
how did the fur trade work
natives = trapped furs
coureurs de bois = got furs from natives
vayageurs = transport fur to mtl
merchants = ship furs to france
76
what did the government do when there was still overproduction after the licenses
reduces hunting territory and closed down some forts and posts
77
what were the motivations of French exploring many territories
1. wanted to expand trade network
2. french gvt wanted control of some territories
3. missionaries wanted to come into contact w aboriginals to convert them
78
which native nations where fighting amongst themselves
the regions of the pays d'en Haut
79
why was the fighting of the pay en haut a disadvantage for the French
it was interfering with the fur trade. iroquois were trying to get the nations to break their alliance with the French and take the fur trade away from them.
80
what was the social hierarchy in the Canadian population
1. nobility
2. clergy
3. third estate
81
what were the lives of slaves
slaves had no rights or property. had no legal protection
82
Which to countries were constantly at war during the 17th century
England and France
83
Did the companies who were granted monopolies follow their promise
No the mission failed and they did not populate the colony
84
Where did Louis Hebert settle
Quebec
85
What are missionaries
People who go around and convert people to Christianity
86
Why was the settlement of Ville Marie founded
Because they wanted a place to convert the aboriginals
87
Why did the chartered neglect settlement
Because they were more interested in Economic Gain
88
who was jean talon
the indendant in new France
89
what was most of the immigrants who settled in New France
farmers, labourers and craftspeople
90
With regards to the company of 100 associates , did it fail
Yes they were not able to populate the colony
91
What kinds of people were seigneurs
Nobles, members of the bourgeoisie or military officers
92
Why were the Hurons and the Iroquois fighting over the fur trade
Because they both wanted to be the main supplier of the fire to give to merchants
93
What was the complication with the company of 100 associates in 1627
England and France were at war and the English ships captured some of the company ships
94
What was the complication with the company of 100 associates in 1629
English seized Quebec and took the fur. Many French people had to leave the colony. Company lost a lot of money
95
What is the treaty of saint germain-en laye
English left New France and gave it back to the French
96
What did the communauté des habitants do in exchange for the company of 100 associates leasing them their monopoly
Provide the company with furs
Pay for some of the colony’s expenses
Settle colonists
97
Around 1663, how was New France
Still small population and undeveloped economically
98
Why was ther a demographic imbalance
Because there were more men than women and it was not good for procreation
99
Why did the Jesuit and récollets try and do to convert he aboriginals
Live amongst them, leant their language and culture
100
after France attempted to diversify the colony, what policy did they go back to
a stricter mercantilist policy. manufacturing was not permitted in New France
101
what did farmers od with their agricultural surplus
sold them in markets and sometimes transported them to France
102
why did native adapt a new culture
they were influenced by the French, and some converted
103
because of the overproduction with the fur trade what happened
a new law was implied that you had to have a license to hunt for fur
granted 25 licenses a year
104
what were the places added to new France because of French exploration
```
canada
acadia
pays en haut
Illinois
louisiana
```
105
what was the negative impact in relation to the Iroquois fighting the Hurons
the population was decreasing a lot
106
what changes and what stayed the same in the colony before and after the royal government in 1663
change = diversify the colony, royal gvt, population increase, gap between men and women closed, added regions, everyone was allowed to participate in fur trade
continued = immigrants coming from France, still under the french rule, fur was still number 1 resource
107
why did the Iroquois want the pays en haut to break their alliance with the French
so the French will lose control over the fur trade
108
why did the Iroquois stop attacking French and Huron
they were weakened by many attacks from French
109
what were the people in the first two classes
wealthy
110
what were members of the third estate
lived modestly and had few priveledges
111
what was the social hierarchy around the 18th century
pope - cardinals- bishops - priests - third estate
