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History > Uni 2 - Evolution Of Society Under French Rule > Flashcards

Uni 2 - Evolution Of Society Under French Rule Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Frances objectifs in the 17th century

A

Exploit the territories natural resources
Populate the colony
Convert the native people

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2
Q

Which two countries were always at war during the 17th century

A

England and France.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of mercantilism

A

Made to enrich the mother country. It was a good way to help the fur trade.
Supply raw materials to France
Purchase finished goods from France
And help France in international competition

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4
Q

Who did France grant monopolies to

A

Individuals or companies

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5
Q

What is a monopoly

A

The exclusive exploitation of a resource by one individual or a chartered company

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6
Q

What were people who got monopolies supposed to do

A

Bring over colonists to develop the colonies

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7
Q

What did Champlain find

A

He founded Quebec in 1608

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8
Q

What are the reasons why Champlain chose Quebec for a place to settle

A

Narrow width of the river made it easier to monitor navigation
Territory bordered with aboriginals who they were allowed with

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9
Q

Who was the first French colonist in 1617

A

Louis Hebert

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10
Q

Why did the French need to trade with the natives

A

They needed them to trade furs and the French were unfamiliar with the territory

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11
Q

Who were the French allied with

A

Huron-wendats

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12
Q

What did missionaries to try and convert the natives

A

Learnt the native languages and lived in their communities

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13
Q

What were the reasons that some natives converted

A
  1. Trade advantages

2. Because of epidemic, wanted to go to heaven

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14
Q

What happened in 1634

A

Trois rivieres became a permanent settlement

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15
Q

Why was the settlement of ville marie founded

A

They wanted to have a settlement colony on the island of Montreal to convert aboriginal people

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16
Q

Who founded the settlement of ville marie

A

Paul chomedey de Maisonneuve

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17
Q

When was the company of 100 associates created

A

1627

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18
Q

Who was in charge of the company of 100 associates x

A

Overseen by the state

Cardinal Richelieu looked over it

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19
Q

What was the objectifs of the company of 100 associates

A

Convert the aboriginals
Exploit the natural resources of the colony
Settle the colony

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20
Q

What did the state do I return if the company met their goals

A

Granted monopolies

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21
Q

What is an engage

A

Colonist who agrees to work for an employer in return for wages. After their contract expired they could settle in the colony

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22
Q

Why did companies not want to help develop the colony

A

They were more interested in economic gain.

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23
Q

What was the population of the colony in 1627

A

Over 100 colonists and most were men

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24
Q

Who did the company of 100 associates grant land to

A

To seigneurs who divided their seigneuries into smaller lots called censives

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25
Q

What was the social hierarchy ins 1608

A

King —> nobles —> bourgeoisie —> peasants —> slaves

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26
Q

What were the obligations of the seigneurs

A

Had to be loyal to the king of France
Had to build a flour kill
If they sold the seigneury they had to give 1/5 of the sales to the king

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27
Q

What were the obligations of the censitaires

A

Had to work the land
Had to pay seigneur annual rent
Had to do unpaid labour on occasion

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28
Q

Where were seigneurs usually situated

A

Perpendicular to the st Laurent river or other main waterways

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29
Q

Why was it important for a seigneury to be near a waterway

A

Waterways were the main communication channel so it was important cause they used it for trade.

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30
Q

What did censitaires have to do

A

Had to clear the forest

most of the day was farm work

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31
Q

Why was life in New France better than France

A

Farm lands were bigger
People in New France are better
Was less poverty
Had more access to wealth

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32
Q

why was life in new france better than in france

A

better nutrion
new france was less poor
more acess to wealth because they had many natural resources

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33
Q

what did the increase demand of fur lead to

A

led to the explorations west and south and french claimed more land

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34
Q

what did the french do so that the fur trade would stay in their hands

A

the blocked off english colonies from spreding and made deals with the aboriginals

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35
Q

who controlled the fur trade

A

huron and the french

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36
Q

who was allied with the english

A

iroquois and the dutch

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37
Q

why did the english give arms to the iroquois

A

so they can attack the french and weaken them `

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38
Q

why did the iroquois agree to the alliance with the english

A

because they would get more european goods

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39
Q

what war happened between 1648-1650

A

iroquois almost took over huron wendat. the iroquois and the wendat fought

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40
Q

what were the territories that new france had

A
  1. canada
  2. acadia
  3. parts of newfoundland
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41
Q

what was the problem about european countries claiming land in north america

A

they signed treaties but they didnt realise the natives were there first

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42
Q

what was the population of new france in 1663

A

3000 colonists

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43
Q

what attracted male immigration

A

the fur trade attracted male

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44
Q

how did missionaries populate the colony

A

brought over french catholics

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45
Q

what did the Europeans expose the french to

A

to disease which caused the population to go down

46
Q

what was the role of minister of marine

A

lived in france and controlled all the colonies

47
Q

what was the role of the governor

A
  • appointed by the king
  • represented the king in new france
  • commanded soldiers
  • responsible for foreign affairs
48
Q

what is the role of the intendant

A
  • internal affairs

- taxes, infrastructure

49
Q

what is the sovereign council

A
  • composed of governor, intendant and bishop

- made laws, settled disputes

50
Q

what does absolutism mean

A

absolute power

the king of france can make decisions without having to justify.

51
Q

what were the leaders of the colony in charge of deciding

A
  • administering the colony and ensuring its development and security
52
Q

what was the king in charge of deciding

A

key political, economic and militray decisions

53
Q

what was the army and militia

A

regular soldiers and militia men

54
Q

what happened in 1665 which had to do with the defiance of the colony

A

carigan salieres regiment was sent to defend the colony. also to fight iroquois

55
Q

who was in charge of developing the colony in 1663

A

jean baptiste colbert

56
Q

who was jean baptiste

A

intendant of new France

support the colony growth

57
Q

why did the Filles du Roy come into place

A

they wanted to balance out men and women

58
Q

why were settlement policies made

A

to encourage births and marriages

59
Q

what were the settlement policies

A
  1. fathers were fined if sons and daughters weren’t married by a certain age
  2. king gave money to men and women who married young
  3. parents got money if they had more than 10 children
  4. gave prisoners right to settle in the colony
  5. king gave money to Catholic women who married French colonists
  6. soldiers and officers had the chance to settle
60
Q

what happened because of the Filles du Roy

A

the gap between men and women was reduced

61
Q

because there were more natural resources in the colony, what happened

A

the population increased, people gave birth more and lived longer

62
Q

what was the major industry in the colony

A

fur

63
Q

why did France want to diversify the colony

A

because a more diversified colony means it will be more wealthy and many natural resources

64
Q

what were the measures jean talon made to try and diversify the colony

A

he brought over seeds to see which one worked best with the land. tried to diversify crops. sent colonists to explore for resources

65
Q

what were the results of trying to diversify the colony

A

almost no agricultural surplus. fur went back to being the main resource. mother country wasn’t buying products.

66
Q

what were the obstacles in trying to diversify the colony?

A

certain resources that they wanted were located sparsely or in inhabited areas. exploitation was expensive

67
Q

what was the triangular trade

A

trade between France, new France, and the west indies

68
Q

what the three principles of the triangular trade

A
  1. ships are never empty
  2. ships leaving new France and the west indies are filled with raw materials
  3. ships leaving France have finished products
69
Q

what were people called who live in the St Lawrence Valley

A

Canadian

70
Q

what were people called who lived in Maritimes

A

acadians

71
Q

what was the behavior of the habitants in the colony

A

were less obedient and more independent. the vastness of the territory and influence of the natives caused this behavior

72
Q

why did some Canadians turn to native practices

A

because of the climate

73
Q

what was the new format of the fur trade in 1663

A

everyone was able to participate in the fur trade. many couriers de bois came and participated in the fur trade

74
Q

what was the consequence of everyone participating in the fur trade

A

there was a danger of overproduction

75
Q

how did the fur trade work

A

natives = trapped furs
coureurs de bois = got furs from natives
vayageurs = transport fur to mtl
merchants = ship furs to france

76
Q

what did the government do when there was still overproduction after the licenses

A

reduces hunting territory and closed down some forts and posts

77
Q

what were the motivations of French exploring many territories

A
  1. wanted to expand trade network
  2. french gvt wanted control of some territories
  3. missionaries wanted to come into contact w aboriginals to convert them
78
Q

which native nations where fighting amongst themselves

A

the regions of the pays d’en Haut

79
Q

why was the fighting of the pay en haut a disadvantage for the French

A

it was interfering with the fur trade. iroquois were trying to get the nations to break their alliance with the French and take the fur trade away from them.

80
Q

what was the social hierarchy in the Canadian population

A
  1. nobility
  2. clergy
  3. third estate
81
Q

what were the lives of slaves

A

slaves had no rights or property. had no legal protection

82
Q

Which to countries were constantly at war during the 17th century

A

England and France

83
Q

Did the companies who were granted monopolies follow their promise

A

No the mission failed and they did not populate the colony

84
Q

Where did Louis Hebert settle

A

Quebec

85
Q

What are missionaries

A

People who go around and convert people to Christianity

86
Q

Why was the settlement of Ville Marie founded

A

Because they wanted a place to convert the aboriginals

87
Q

Why did the chartered neglect settlement

A

Because they were more interested in Economic Gain

88
Q

who was jean talon

A

the indendant in new France

89
Q

what was most of the immigrants who settled in New France

A

farmers, labourers and craftspeople

90
Q

With regards to the company of 100 associates , did it fail

A

Yes they were not able to populate the colony

91
Q

What kinds of people were seigneurs

A

Nobles, members of the bourgeoisie or military officers

92
Q

Why were the Hurons and the Iroquois fighting over the fur trade

A

Because they both wanted to be the main supplier of the fire to give to merchants

93
Q

What was the complication with the company of 100 associates in 1627

A

England and France were at war and the English ships captured some of the company ships

94
Q

What was the complication with the company of 100 associates in 1629

A

English seized Quebec and took the fur. Many French people had to leave the colony. Company lost a lot of money

95
Q

What is the treaty of saint germain-en laye

A

English left New France and gave it back to the French

96
Q

What did the communauté des habitants do in exchange for the company of 100 associates leasing them their monopoly

A

Provide the company with furs
Pay for some of the colony’s expenses
Settle colonists

97
Q

Around 1663, how was New France

A

Still small population and undeveloped economically

98
Q

Why was ther a demographic imbalance

A

Because there were more men than women and it was not good for procreation

99
Q

Why did the Jesuit and récollets try and do to convert he aboriginals

A

Live amongst them, leant their language and culture

100
Q

after France attempted to diversify the colony, what policy did they go back to

A

a stricter mercantilist policy. manufacturing was not permitted in New France

101
Q

what did farmers od with their agricultural surplus

A

sold them in markets and sometimes transported them to France

102
Q

why did native adapt a new culture

A

they were influenced by the French, and some converted

103
Q

because of the overproduction with the fur trade what happened

A

a new law was implied that you had to have a license to hunt for fur
granted 25 licenses a year

104
Q

what were the places added to new France because of French exploration

A 
canada 
acadia 
pays en haut
Illinois
louisiana
105
Q

what was the negative impact in relation to the Iroquois fighting the Hurons

A

the population was decreasing a lot

106
Q

what changes and what stayed the same in the colony before and after the royal government in 1663

A

change = diversify the colony, royal gvt, population increase, gap between men and women closed, added regions, everyone was allowed to participate in fur trade

continued = immigrants coming from France, still under the french rule, fur was still number 1 resource

107
Q

why did the Iroquois want the pays en haut to break their alliance with the French

A

so the French will lose control over the fur trade

108
Q

why did the Iroquois stop attacking French and Huron

A

they were weakened by many attacks from French

109
Q

what were the people in the first two classes

A

wealthy

110
Q

what were members of the third estate

A

lived modestly and had few priveledges

111
Q

what was the social hierarchy around the 18th century

A

pope - cardinals- bishops - priests - third estate

History (9 decks)

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