Uni 2 - Evolution Of Society Under French Rule Flashcards
What were Frances objectifs in the 17th century
Exploit the territories natural resources
Populate the colony
Convert the native people
Which two countries were always at war during the 17th century
England and France.
What is the purpose of mercantilism
Made to enrich the mother country. It was a good way to help the fur trade.
Supply raw materials to France
Purchase finished goods from France
And help France in international competition
Who did France grant monopolies to
Individuals or companies
What is a monopoly
The exclusive exploitation of a resource by one individual or a chartered company
What were people who got monopolies supposed to do
Bring over colonists to develop the colonies
What did Champlain find
He founded Quebec in 1608
What are the reasons why Champlain chose Quebec for a place to settle
Narrow width of the river made it easier to monitor navigation
Territory bordered with aboriginals who they were allowed with
Who was the first French colonist in 1617
Louis Hebert
Why did the French need to trade with the natives
They needed them to trade furs and the French were unfamiliar with the territory
Who were the French allied with
Huron-wendats
What did missionaries to try and convert the natives
Learnt the native languages and lived in their communities
What were the reasons that some natives converted
- Trade advantages
2. Because of epidemic, wanted to go to heaven
What happened in 1634
Trois rivieres became a permanent settlement
Why was the settlement of ville marie founded
They wanted to have a settlement colony on the island of Montreal to convert aboriginal people
Who founded the settlement of ville marie
Paul chomedey de Maisonneuve
When was the company of 100 associates created
1627
Who was in charge of the company of 100 associates x
Overseen by the state
Cardinal Richelieu looked over it
What was the objectifs of the company of 100 associates
Convert the aboriginals
Exploit the natural resources of the colony
Settle the colony
What did the state do I return if the company met their goals
Granted monopolies
What is an engage
Colonist who agrees to work for an employer in return for wages. After their contract expired they could settle in the colony
Why did companies not want to help develop the colony
They were more interested in economic gain.
What was the population of the colony in 1627
Over 100 colonists and most were men
Who did the company of 100 associates grant land to
To seigneurs who divided their seigneuries into smaller lots called censives
What was the social hierarchy ins 1608
King —> nobles —> bourgeoisie —> peasants —> slaves
What were the obligations of the seigneurs
Had to be loyal to the king of France
Had to build a flour kill
If they sold the seigneury they had to give 1/5 of the sales to the king
What were the obligations of the censitaires
Had to work the land
Had to pay seigneur annual rent
Had to do unpaid labour on occasion
Where were seigneurs usually situated
Perpendicular to the st Laurent river or other main waterways
Why was it important for a seigneury to be near a waterway
Waterways were the main communication channel so it was important cause they used it for trade.
What did censitaires have to do
Had to clear the forest
most of the day was farm work
Why was life in New France better than France
Farm lands were bigger
People in New France are better
Was less poverty
Had more access to wealth
why was life in new france better than in france
better nutrion
new france was less poor
more acess to wealth because they had many natural resources
what did the increase demand of fur lead to
led to the explorations west and south and french claimed more land
what did the french do so that the fur trade would stay in their hands
the blocked off english colonies from spreding and made deals with the aboriginals
who controlled the fur trade
huron and the french
who was allied with the english
iroquois and the dutch
why did the english give arms to the iroquois
so they can attack the french and weaken them `
why did the iroquois agree to the alliance with the english
because they would get more european goods
what war happened between 1648-1650
iroquois almost took over huron wendat. the iroquois and the wendat fought
what were the territories that new france had
- canada
- acadia
- parts of newfoundland
what was the problem about european countries claiming land in north america
they signed treaties but they didnt realise the natives were there first
what was the population of new france in 1663
3000 colonists
what attracted male immigration
the fur trade attracted male
how did missionaries populate the colony
brought over french catholics
what did the Europeans expose the french to
to disease which caused the population to go down
what was the role of minister of marine
lived in france and controlled all the colonies
what was the role of the governor
- appointed by the king
- represented the king in new france
- commanded soldiers
- responsible for foreign affairs
what is the role of the intendant
- internal affairs
- taxes, infrastructure
what is the sovereign council
- composed of governor, intendant and bishop
- made laws, settled disputes
what does absolutism mean
absolute power
the king of france can make decisions without having to justify.
what were the leaders of the colony in charge of deciding
- administering the colony and ensuring its development and security
what was the king in charge of deciding
key political, economic and militray decisions
what was the army and militia
regular soldiers and militia men
what happened in 1665 which had to do with the defiance of the colony
carigan salieres regiment was sent to defend the colony. also to fight iroquois
who was in charge of developing the colony in 1663
jean baptiste colbert
who was jean baptiste
intendant of new France
support the colony growth
why did the Filles du Roy come into place
they wanted to balance out men and women
why were settlement policies made
to encourage births and marriages
what were the settlement policies
- fathers were fined if sons and daughters weren’t married by a certain age
- king gave money to men and women who married young
- parents got money if they had more than 10 children
- gave prisoners right to settle in the colony
- king gave money to Catholic women who married French colonists
- soldiers and officers had the chance to settle
what happened because of the Filles du Roy
the gap between men and women was reduced
because there were more natural resources in the colony, what happened
the population increased, people gave birth more and lived longer
what was the major industry in the colony
fur
why did France want to diversify the colony
because a more diversified colony means it will be more wealthy and many natural resources
what were the measures jean talon made to try and diversify the colony
he brought over seeds to see which one worked best with the land. tried to diversify crops. sent colonists to explore for resources
what were the results of trying to diversify the colony
almost no agricultural surplus. fur went back to being the main resource. mother country wasn’t buying products.
what were the obstacles in trying to diversify the colony?
certain resources that they wanted were located sparsely or in inhabited areas. exploitation was expensive
what was the triangular trade
trade between France, new France, and the west indies
what the three principles of the triangular trade
- ships are never empty
- ships leaving new France and the west indies are filled with raw materials
- ships leaving France have finished products
what were people called who live in the St Lawrence Valley
Canadian
what were people called who lived in Maritimes
acadians
what was the behavior of the habitants in the colony
were less obedient and more independent. the vastness of the territory and influence of the natives caused this behavior
why did some Canadians turn to native practices
because of the climate
what was the new format of the fur trade in 1663
everyone was able to participate in the fur trade. many couriers de bois came and participated in the fur trade
what was the consequence of everyone participating in the fur trade
there was a danger of overproduction
how did the fur trade work
natives = trapped furs
coureurs de bois = got furs from natives
vayageurs = transport fur to mtl
merchants = ship furs to france
what did the government do when there was still overproduction after the licenses
reduces hunting territory and closed down some forts and posts
what were the motivations of French exploring many territories
- wanted to expand trade network
- french gvt wanted control of some territories
- missionaries wanted to come into contact w aboriginals to convert them
which native nations where fighting amongst themselves
the regions of the pays d’en Haut
why was the fighting of the pay en haut a disadvantage for the French
it was interfering with the fur trade. iroquois were trying to get the nations to break their alliance with the French and take the fur trade away from them.
what was the social hierarchy in the Canadian population
- nobility
- clergy
- third estate
what were the lives of slaves
slaves had no rights or property. had no legal protection
Which to countries were constantly at war during the 17th century
England and France
Did the companies who were granted monopolies follow their promise
No the mission failed and they did not populate the colony
Where did Louis Hebert settle
Quebec
What are missionaries
People who go around and convert people to Christianity
Why was the settlement of Ville Marie founded
Because they wanted a place to convert the aboriginals
Why did the chartered neglect settlement
Because they were more interested in Economic Gain
who was jean talon
the indendant in new France
what was most of the immigrants who settled in New France
farmers, labourers and craftspeople
With regards to the company of 100 associates , did it fail
Yes they were not able to populate the colony
What kinds of people were seigneurs
Nobles, members of the bourgeoisie or military officers
Why were the Hurons and the Iroquois fighting over the fur trade
Because they both wanted to be the main supplier of the fire to give to merchants
What was the complication with the company of 100 associates in 1627
England and France were at war and the English ships captured some of the company ships
What was the complication with the company of 100 associates in 1629
English seized Quebec and took the fur. Many French people had to leave the colony. Company lost a lot of money
What is the treaty of saint germain-en laye
English left New France and gave it back to the French
What did the communauté des habitants do in exchange for the company of 100 associates leasing them their monopoly
Provide the company with furs
Pay for some of the colony’s expenses
Settle colonists
Around 1663, how was New France
Still small population and undeveloped economically
Why was ther a demographic imbalance
Because there were more men than women and it was not good for procreation
Why did the Jesuit and récollets try and do to convert he aboriginals
Live amongst them, leant their language and culture
after France attempted to diversify the colony, what policy did they go back to
a stricter mercantilist policy. manufacturing was not permitted in New France
what did farmers od with their agricultural surplus
sold them in markets and sometimes transported them to France
why did native adapt a new culture
they were influenced by the French, and some converted
because of the overproduction with the fur trade what happened
a new law was implied that you had to have a license to hunt for fur
granted 25 licenses a year
what were the places added to new France because of French exploration
canada acadia pays en haut Illinois louisiana
what was the negative impact in relation to the Iroquois fighting the Hurons
the population was decreasing a lot
what changes and what stayed the same in the colony before and after the royal government in 1663
change = diversify the colony, royal gvt, population increase, gap between men and women closed, added regions, everyone was allowed to participate in fur trade
continued = immigrants coming from France, still under the french rule, fur was still number 1 resource
why did the Iroquois want the pays en haut to break their alliance with the French
so the French will lose control over the fur trade
why did the Iroquois stop attacking French and Huron
they were weakened by many attacks from French
what were the people in the first two classes
wealthy
what were members of the third estate
lived modestly and had few priveledges
what was the social hierarchy around the 18th century
pope - cardinals- bishops - priests - third estate
