Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Light Reaction

Answer 2

The process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

The green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process by which green plants and certain organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

A process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Answer 6

A series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

NADPH is an essential electron donor in all organisms, and provides the reducing power for anabolic reactions and redox balance.

Question 8

Mitochondrial Matrix

Answer 8

The inner space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane.

Question 9

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 9

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 10

Fermentation

Answer 10

A process in which sugars are transformed into a new product through chemical reactions.

Question 11

NAD+

Answer 11

NAD+ is a critical coenzyme found in every cell in your body that’s involved in hundreds of metabolic processes like cellular energy and mitochondrial health.

Question 12

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 12

The process of using yeasts to convert sugars into alcohol.

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

A set of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate.

Question 14

ADP

Answer 14

A biological molecules consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates. It is essentially how ATP looks after the third phosphate bond breaks.

Question 15

Pigment

Answer 15

The natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.

Question 16

Stomata

Answer 16

Any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf (underneath the leaf) or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width which allows movement of gases in and out of the inter-cellular spaces.

Question 17

Granum

Answer 17

A stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplast of plant cells.

Question 18

Carbon Fixation

Answer 18

The process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules into organic matter to produce fuel for cellular respiration.

Question 19

Heterotrophs

Answer 19

An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Question 20

Thylakoids

Answer 20

Flatted sacs inside a chloroplast bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place.

Question 21

Carotenoids

Answer 21

Any of a class of yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, which color to plant parts.

Question 22

NADH

Answer 22

A universal coenzyme that plays a central role in cellular metabolism. It acts as a donor and acceptor of electrons in redox reactions within all eukaryotic cells.

Question 23

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 23

Respiration using electron acceptors with the exception of the molecular oxygen.

Question 24

Cellular Respiration

Answer 24

A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP.

Question 25

Krebs Cycle

Answer 25

A chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria. It uses oxygen and gives out water and carbon dioxide as products.

Question 26

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 26

An acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis.

Question 27

Citric Acid

Answer 27

An organic compound that is colorless and weak. It is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

Question 28

ATP

Answer 28

ATP is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.