Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUMAN ANATOMY 2300 > Unit 1 Lecture 7: Muscles of the Hip & Thigh > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lecture 7: Muscles of the Hip & Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of Posterior Gluteal Region

A

Divided into 2 layers: superficial and deep.

Superficial muscles:
   Gluteus maximus
   Gluteus medius
   Gluteus minimus
   Tensor fasciae latae

Deep muscles:
Deep lateral rotators, including piriformis

What is the Posterior Gluteal Region?
The area between the iliac crests, the anterior superior iliac spine, the gluteal fold, and the greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

main extensor of the thigh via the hip joint.

Lateral rotation of hip

The only Superficial muscle of the Posterior Gluteal Region that is innervated by the Inferior Gluteal Nerve.

Origin
Posterior surface of ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

Insertion
Iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action
Extension of thigh from the hip, backwards
Lateral rotation of thigh (hip)

Innervation
Inferior gluteal nerve

Superficial Muscle of Posterior Gluteal Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Gluteal Region

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

Important for hip movements and maintaining upright posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Things that Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus have in common

A

Origin:
External surface of ilium

Insertion:
Greater trochanter of femur

Action:  
Abducts thigh (at the hip joint)

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Both are Superficial Muscles of Posterior Gluteal Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fascia

A

refers to a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs.

Fascia help make muscular contraction more efficient; they keep the muscle from bulging out too far so that the force/movement stays focused and close to the body.

Veins in the lower limbs fight gravity as they carry blood, and veins are much lower pressure than arteries.
Fascia help push the muscles to push the blood in veins up towards the heart

Fascia is classified by layer, as superficial fascia, deep fascia, and visceral or parietal fascia, or by their function and anatomical location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fascia Lata

A

deep fascia that invest the thigh

The Gluteus Maximus inserts at the Iliotibial tract of fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Iliotibial Tract

A

the thickened lateral portion of the fascia lata

runs from the iliac crest to the knee

Helps stabilize the femur on top of the tibia

An insertion point for the gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

Origin: Anterior portion of iliac crest

Insertion: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata

Action:
 Flexes thigh (hip)
 Abducts thigh (hip)

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Superficial Muscle of Posterior Gluteal Region

Located a bit laterally from the others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deep Muscles of Posterior Gluteal Region

A

Responsible for LATERAL ROTATION of the thigh (at the hip)

Help STABILIZE hip joint (help hold the head of the femur in the acetabulum).

5 out of the 6 muscles in this group also abduct the thigh at the hip

Origin: ilium, sacrum, and ischium

Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Piriformis

A

A Deep Muscle of Posterior Gluteal Region

Triangular in shape

Origin:
Anterior surface of sacrum… (unlike the other deep muscles in this region, it originates inside the true pelvis, exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, and inserts onto the femur)

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh (at the hip)

Innervation: NERVE to PIRIFORMUS

Piriformis is the ORGANIZER of this entire gluteal region because a lot of other items will pass through the greater sciatic foramen, and their passage will be relative to the Piriformus.

Passing superiorly to the Piriformus:
Superior Gluteal Artery and Nerve

Passing infirmly to the Piriformus:
Inferior Gluteal Artery and Nerve
Sciatic Nerve

This organization info is important because this is a region where people tend to get shots, but it’s full of nerves. You really, really don’t want to hit a nerve; it hurts the patient and can cause damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

greater sciatic foramen

A

created by the greater sciatic notch. Ligaments came in and created a complete hole

The Piriformus descends through this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the Sciatic Nerve split into?

A

Tibial Nerve

Common Fibular Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscles of the Anterior Hip

Iliac Region

A

These muscles lie over the anterior hip joint.

These muscles flex the hip joint; as a result they can flex the trunk or flex the thigh.

2 Major Anterior Hip Muscles:
Psoas Major
Iliacus

The Iliacus and the Psoas Major combine to form the Iliopsoas and intert together on the femur

The Iliosoas is responsible for most of the power in flexion of the thigh.
The strongest flexor of the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psoas major

A

Muscle of Anterior Hip

Origin:
All (5) lumbar vertebrae

Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur

Action:
Flexes hip joint, resulting in the flexion of the thigh and/or trunk

Innervation:
Lumbar spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Iliacus

A

Muscle of Anterior Hip

Origin: Iliac fossa

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action:
Flexes hip joint, resulting in the flexion of the thigh and/or trunk

Innervation: Femoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muscles of the Thigh

A

3 muscle groups surround the femur and are divided from one another by connective tissue sheets.

The 3 muscles groups are the anterior, medial, and posterior femoral (thigh) muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The leg muscle groups

A

anterior, posterior, lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The thigh muscle groups

A

anterior, posterior, medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscles of the Anterior Thigh

A

ALL are innervated by the Femoral Nerve

Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
The Quadriceps Femoris is composed of:
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

A 
Composed of:
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

ALL innervated by the Femoral Nerve

ALL Extend the LEG at the knee

ALL insert at the Patella and at the Tibial Tuberosity

Muscles of the Anterior Thigh

One other largest and most powerful muscles of the body

Climbing, standing from sitting, jumping

The 4 combine into the tendon of the quadriceps femoris, which holds the patella.

The patellar ligament is a continuation of this tendon

21
Q

Sartorius

A

Muscle of the Anterior Thigh

Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Insertion:
Medial surface of proximal tibia

Action
 Flexes leg (knee)**
 Flexes thigh (hip)**

Innervated by the Femoral Nerve, like the others **

Sartorius: the tailor’s muscle. Sartor is Latin for Tailor.
Brings lower limbs into crossed position, the position that tailors would sit in while working on people’s clothing

Same Insertion Point for Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendonosus

Sartorius: Longest muscle in the entire body.

It’s 2 actions at the same time brings lower limbs into crossed position, the position that tailors would sit in while working on people’s clothing

22
Q

Medial surface of proximal tibia

A

The Insertion Point of the Sartorial, the Gracilis, and the Semitendonosus muscles

23
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Muscle of the Anterior Thigh

Part of the Quadriceps Femoris

Origin
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Superior margin of acetabulum

Insertion: 
Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)
Action
Extends leg (knee) like the other 3
Flexes thigh (hip), like the 1

Innervation: Femoral nerve, like the rest

The Kicking Muscle

24
Q

Muscles of Medial Thigh

A

The medial thigh muscles make up “the adductor group”.

  1. Gracilis: most medial
  2. Pectineus: exception, innervated by femoral nerve
  3. Adductor longus
  4. Adductor brevis
  5. Adductor magnus: very large

ALL originate from the PUBIS

Important for actions that involve bringing the thighs together, like horseback riding.

Adduction at the hip joint.

In General: Medial pelvis (Pubis) to posterior femur, obturator

25
Q

Gracilis

A

strap-like muscle along the medial aspect of thigh & knee

The only muscle of the medial compartment that actually crosses the knee joint. The other 4 don’t.

Origin: Pubis

Insertion:
Medial surface of proximal tibia

Action: Adducts thigh (hip)

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Same insertion point as sartorius and the semitendinosus.

Shortens muscle

26
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal femur

Action
 Adducts [shortens] thigh (hip)
 Flexes thigh (hip)

Innervation: Femoral nerve***** same as the iliacus (before it merges) and the anterior compartment muscles.

The pectineus muscle is the only medial thigh muscle that is NOT innervated by the obturator nerve

27
Q

Adductor longus:

A

long fan-shaped muscle

The most anterior/superficial of the 3 adductor muscles

Muscles of Medial Thigh

Origin
Pubis

Insertion
Linea aspera of femur

Action
 Adducts thigh (hip)

Innervation
Obturator nerve

28
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Muscles of Medial Thigh

Origin
Pubis

Insertion
Linea aspera of femur

Action
 Adducts thigh (hip)

Innervation
Obturator nerve

Brevis means short

29
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Muscles of Medial Thigh

Origin
Pubis and Ischium

Insertion
Linea aspera of femur
Adductor tubercle of femur

Action
 Adducts thigh (hip)

Innervation
Obturator nerve

Very large muscle, triangular in shape.
Located Very deep

30
Q

Muscles of Posterior Thigh

A

The posterior thigh muscles make up “the hamstring muscles”.

The posterior thigh muscles include:
1.  Biceps Femoris: located laterally 
  A.  Long head
  B.  Short head
2.  Semitendinosus: medial
3.  Semimembranosus: medial

1A, 2, and 3:
Span both the hip & knee joints.
Arise from the ISCHIAL tuberosity.
Are innervated by the tibial nerve (division of the sciatic nerve).

ALL Extends thigh (hip) and flexes leg (knee)

31
Q

Linea aspera of femur

A

Origin of the

  1. Adductor magnus (medial thigh)
  2. Biceps femoris, short head (posterior thigh)
32
Q

Biceps femoris, long head

A

Muscle of Posterior Thigh

Origin
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion
Head of fibula (along with short head; they share a common tendon)

Action
 Flexes leg (knee)
 Extends thigh (hip)
Innervation
 Tibial nerve (division of sciatic nerve)

Biceps means 2 heads

The only thigh muscle that inserts on the lateral aspect of the leg

The long head and short head combine for a common insertion point.

The long head is more superficial than the short head.

Provides protection for the sciatic nerve

33
Q

Biceps femoris, short head

A

Muscle of Posterior Thigh

Origin
Linea aspera of femur

Insertion
Head of fibula (along with long head; they share a common tendon)

Action
 Flexes leg (knee)
Innervation:
 Common fibular (peroneal) nerve, lateral division of the sciatic nerve
34
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Muscle of Posterior Thigh

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia

Action
 Flexes leg (knee) 
 Extends thigh (hip)

Innervation: Tibial nerve (division of sciatic nerve)

A lot of the length of this muscle is tendon.

More superficial than the Semimembranosus.

35
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Muscle of Posterior Thigh

Origin
 Ischial tuberosity (connects as a broad membrane-looking tendon)

Insertion
Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

Action
 Flexes leg (knee)
 Extends thigh (hip)
Innervation
 Tibial nerve (division of sciatic nerve)
36
Q

If the femoral nerve iscut, which muscle compartment would be most affected?

A

Anterior thigh

37
Q

Weakness in climbing stairs or jumping would indicate aweakness of which muscle?

A

Gluteus maximus m.

38
Q

What muscle flexes the thigh?

A

Iliacus m.

39
Q

The sartorius muscle originates on the ________ and _______ the knee joint.

A

anterior superior iliac spine;flexes

40
Q

Correctly match the muscle with its nerve innervation:

Tensor fasciae latae m

A

superior gluteal n.

41
Q

Correctly match the muscle with its nerve innervation:

Psoas major m

A

lumbar spinal n.

42
Q

Correctly match the muscle with its nerve innervation:

Rectus femoris m

A

femoral n.

43
Q

Correctly match the muscle with its nerve innervation:

Pectineus m

A

femoral n.

44
Q

Muscles of the thigh,parts of the quadriceps group?

A

Rectus femoris muscle
Vastus intermedius muscle
Vastus lateralis muscle
Vastus medialis muscle

45
Q

What structure exitsthe pelvis INFERIOR the piriformis muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

46
Q

Which structure prevents the outward movement of contracting muscles in the thigh, making muscular contractions more efficient in compressing veins to assist in the return of bloodback towards the heart?

A

Fascia lata

47
Q

A doctor tells a soccer player that he has “a pulled hamstring” muscle. This results from a tearing of the origination of a hamstring muscle from the ___________.

A

ischial tuberosity

48
Q

What is the major action(s) of the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

Extension and lateral rotation of the thigh

49
Q

The common insertion point for the quadriceps muscles is the _________.

A

tibial tuberosity

HUMAN ANATOMY 2300 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions