Unit 1, Lecture 1: Terminology, Orientation, Integumentary System Flashcards
The level of organization when different primary tissues are combined together and work together toperform a common functionis calledthe _______ level.
organ
The lungs are located _______ to the heart.
anatomical position term
lateral
The study of the body’s structure
Anatomy
The study of the function of living organisms.
physiology
Visual inspection with the naked eye of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which study?
Gross anatomy
The body cavity which is protected by the ribcage and bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm is the _________ cavity.
thoracic
Match this organ with its organ system:
Pancreas
digestive system
Match this organ with its organ system:
Pharynx
??
Match this organ with its organ system:
Ovary
??
Match this organ with its organ system:
Heart
??
Match this organ with its organ system:
Ligaments
??
What part is locatedmost distal in the upper limb?
Digits
The epidermis of the skin is composed of _______ tissue.
epithelial
Think: EPIdermis, EPIthelial
The dermis of the skin is composed of _______ tissue.
connective
What kind of cut would you make in a specimen to create anterior and posterior parts?
Coronal
A patient or cadaver lying flat on his/her back is said to be in the __________ position.
supine
Which cavity is most inferior?
Pelvic cavity
What is the function of keratin, a protein found in the epidermis of the skin?
Protection
In the anatomical position, the pinky finger is _________ to the thumb.
medial
A group of cells with similar structure and function, together with the extracellular substances located between them, form a(n) __________.
Tissue
Which of the following isdemonstrated by an individual in the anatomical position?
Palms facing anteriorly.
Anatomy
Anatomy → “Structure”
The word “anatomy” is derived from two Greek words; the first being àνá which means ‘apart’ and the second being τέμνιν which means ‘to cut’.
Regional anatomy versus systemic anatomy
“____ ALWAYS REFLECTS _____”
“FUNCTION ALWAYS REFLECTS STRUCTURE”
Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function
The 6 Levels of Structural Organization
Chemical Level
(atoms→ molecules→ organelles)
↓
Cellular Level
↓
Tissue Level
[epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue]
↓
Organ Level
↓
Organ System Level
[integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, lymphatic, urinary, cardiovascular (circulatory), and reproductive]
↓
Organismal Level
Skeletal System:
5 Major Components
Bones Cartilage Tendons Ligaments Joints
Skeletal System:
6 Major Functions
Support Protection (skull) Leverage Hematopoiesis Mineral Storage Energy Storage
Muscular System:
3 Major Types
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Muscular System:
2 Major Functions
Producing movement
Heat production
i.e. thermogenesis
Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System:
3 Major Components
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System:
1 Major Function
Transportation:
- Oxygen and Nutrients
- Carbon Dioxide and Wastes
- Hormones
Lymphatic System:
5 Major Components
Lymph vessels Lymph nodes Thymus gland Tonsils Spleen
Lymphatic System:
3 Major Functions
Fluid control
Filtration
Immunity
Nervous System:
4 Major Components
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sense organs
Nervous System:
2 Major Functions
Communication
Homeostasis
↓
–
Endocrine System:
Major Components
Hormone producing glands and cells
Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Hypothalamus Ovaries Testes Pancreas Thymus Thyroid plus others...
Endocrine System:
Major Functions
Communication
Homeostasis
What Body Systems have the Major Functions of:
Communication
Homeostasis
Endocrine System
Nervous System
Respiratory System:
6 Major Components
Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs
Respiratory System:
Major Function
Gas exchange
Digestive System:
5 Major Components
Alimentary canal Salivary glands Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
Digestive System:
3 Major Functions
Mechanical & chemical breakdown of food
Absorption
Solid waste removal
Urinary System:
4 Major Components
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Urinary System:
2 Major Functions
Filtration
Elimination
Reproductive System:
Major Components
Male:
testes, penis, duct system, glands
Female:
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia
Reproductive System:
Major Functions
Production of hormones
Formation of germ cells
Housing developing fetus
Integumentary System:
Major Components
Skin!!
Accessory Structures – Sebaceous (oil) glands – Sudoriferous (sweat) glands – Hair – Nails
Integumentary System:
4 Major Functions
Protection
Temperature regulation
Waste elimination
Sensation
The 2 Divisions of Body:
Axial – head, neck, & trunk (i.e. thorax, abdomen, & pelvis)
Appendicular – appendages or limbs
The 2 Major Regions of the Upper Limb:
Arm
Forearm
The 2 Major Regions of the Lower Limb:
Thigh
Leg
Sagittal Plane
,,,,
Coronal Plane
a.k.a., Frontal Plane
Transverse Plane
a.k.a., Horizontal Plane
The 2 Body Cavities
Dorsal Body Cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity Pleural Cavity Pericardial Cavity
Dorsal Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
Pericardial Cavity
The pericardial cavity is located within the mediastinum.
The thorax is divided into 3 compartments: the 2 lateral pleural cavities and the centrally located mediastinum.
The pericardial cavity is then located in the mediastinum.
