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Neurobiology > Unit 1 Final Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The ectoderm will help create

A

CNS and Skin

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2
Q

All the parts of the CNS arise from a specialized region of the ectoderm called the

A

neural Plate

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3
Q

Where is the neural plate located

A

along the dorsal midline of the embryo where the spine will form

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4
Q

Cell division along the ______ region of the neural plate is faster than cell proliferation near the _____

A

border; middle

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5
Q

Thus, edges expand forming the ________________ where as the central bottoms out forming the _________-

A

neural fold; neural groove (valley)

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6
Q

The indentation deepens until it closes completely forming the neural

A

tube

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7
Q

Closure of the neural tube happens first

A

near the top

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8
Q

Open fluid-filled space inside the neural tube becomes the

A

ventricular system

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9
Q

Prosencephalon aka

A

forebrain

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10
Q

Cerebral cortex, BG, and thalamus from the

A

prosencephalon

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11
Q

Mesencephalon or

A

midbrain

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12
Q

Brainstem aka midbrain from

A

mesencephalon

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13
Q

Rhombencephalon aka

A

hindbrain

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14
Q

Pons, medulla, cerebellum

A

rhombencephalon

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15
Q

telencephalon becomes the

A

cerbral cortex and BG

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16
Q

Diencephalon becomes the

A

hypothalamus and thalamus

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17
Q

olfactory bulbs are from the

A

telencephalon

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18
Q

olfactory cups from

A

diencephalon

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19
Q

Telencephalic vesicles expand into the

A

cerebral hemispheres

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20
Q

open fluid-filled space within the telencephalon becomes the

A

lateral ventricles

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21
Q

open fluid-filled space within the diencephalon becomes

A

third ventricle

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22
Q

Tectum and tegmentum comes from what

A

mesencephalon

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23
Q

Open fluid filled space within the midbrain becomes

A

cerebral aqueduct

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24
Q

metencephalon forms

A

pons and cerebellum

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25
Q

Myelencephalon forms

A

medulla

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26
Q

Sulcus is a

A

valley

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27
Q

Gyrus is a

A

hill

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28
Q

higher order animal tends to have more complex cortex, meaning more layers of neurons T/F

A

True

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29
Q

Typically how many layers of the Neocortex

A

6 layers

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30
Q

More neurons means what

A

more processing power

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31
Q

Sensory cortex has large input layer aka layer

A

IV

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32
Q

Motor cortex is mostly output so the output layer (___ and ___) are very large while layer lV is quite small

A

V and Vl

33
Q

Brain function is ________

A

localized

34
Q

In general, Brain function is

A

cross lateralized

35
Q

Sagittal cuts our bodies

A

in two sides

36
Q

Coronal cuts our bodies

A

in two sides (front and back)

37
Q

Horizontal cuts our bodies

A

in two halves (superior and inferior)

38
Q

The limbic lobe surrounds what

A

corpus callosum

39
Q

_______ lobe: cognition, decision-making, motor cortex

A

frontal

40
Q

T/F prefrontal cortex is frontal lobe minus the motor cortex strip

A

T

41
Q

_____ lobe: vision

A

occipital

42
Q

_____ lobe: integrates spatial information and other senses

A

Parietal

43
Q

_______ lobe: audition, speech/language, memory, emotion, object recognition

A

Temporal

44
Q

White matter

A

axons myelinated

45
Q

Grey matter

A

cell bodies

46
Q

What is the organization of the spinal cord cross-section

A

grey mattter on the inside and white on the outside

47
Q

On what basis did Brodmann develop his map of 46 different areas of the cerebral cortex

A

cytoarchitecture and cell layers

48
Q

What structure during lab 1 made it so difficult to create

A

hippocampus and fornix swoops through the cerebrum at a curved angle

49
Q

T/F vertebrate brains have the same basic regions

A

True

50
Q

Do reptiles have small or large cortex

A

small

51
Q

Do primates have a small or large cortex

A

large

52
Q

Does the brain to body mass ratio predict cognitive ability

A

No

53
Q

Humans with larger bodies have larger brains but they have the same number of

A

neurons–not predictive of intelligence

54
Q

What is the Encephalization quotient

A

How large is the brain expected to be based on body size and other metrics?

55
Q

What is the best measure of cognitive ability

A

neuron packing density in the cortex–but still not 100% known

56
Q

The CNS is further protected as a result of being suspended within the ______ partially anchoring it to the skulll

A

meninges

57
Q

The meninges encase the brain in the CSF around it to allow…

A

brain to ‘float’, lessening the force of impact

58
Q

___________: floating means the brain is lighter than if it were in the air

A

buoyancy

59
Q

What is the outer meninges

A

dura mater

60
Q

What is the inner meninges

A

Pia mater

61
Q

The Ventricular system is filled with

A

CSF

62
Q

T/F Does the ventricular system allow for the maintenance of homeostasis of neuroendocrine factors by flushing out of the brain into the bloodstream

A

True

63
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

choroid plexus

64
Q

Where are spinal taps done

A

lumbar cistern

65
Q

Certain pathologies can clog the narrowest portions of the ventricular system, if this occurs before the skull plates have fused, the ventricle inflates with CSF called

A

hydrocephalus

66
Q

How is CSF absorbed into the bloodstream

A

at arachnoid villae

67
Q

Bits of arachnoid membrane protrude out through parts of the dura at open spaces (sinuses) creating

A

arachnoid villae

68
Q

When CSF pressure is greater than the liquid pressure outside, valves

A

open and allow CSF to release into the cavity above the longitudinal fissure

69
Q

What color is Nissl stain

A

violet

70
Q

What does the Nissl stain stain

A

RER purple

71
Q

what is the Nissl stain great for

A

seeing cell bodies

72
Q

Nissl stain–does white matter take up any color

A

not really

73
Q

H&E stain–hematoxylin stains nuclei ______ while Eosin stain cytoplasm _____

A

purple; pink

74
Q

Can axons and dendrites be distinguished well with the H&E stain

A

no

75
Q

Weigert myelin stain is classic for staining tissue dark black while leaving unmyelinated tissue _______

A

pale–so grey matter is pale

76
Q

Luxol fast blue stain stains myelin ____ but also stains ER/other parts _____

A

blue; purple

77
Q

What is the Luxol Fast Blue stain often paired with

A

H&E

78
Q

Golgi stain uses silver nitrate and stains entire cells

A

black

79
Q
A

Neurobiology (11 decks)

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