Cerebellum Flashcards
Cerebellum: white matter on the _____ and grey matter on the _____
inside; outside
Deep nuclei are _____ matter
grey
The cerebellum forms the roof of the _____ ventricle
fourth
If unfolded, SA of the cerebellum would equal that of one of the cerebral hemispheres; as ______ 50 % of neurons in your brain reside in the cerebellum
greater than 50%
Unlike the cerebral cortex (Brodmann’s areas) the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum is
the same all over
T/F is the cytoarchitecture conserved in different animals from mammals to fish to birds?
yes
Everything is in
threes
Anatomical zones ______ match up with functional zones
don’t
Vermis is along the
midline
Vermis is flanked by the ______ zones that lie between the vermis and the cerebellar hemispheres
intermediate
Where is the Flocculo-nodule lobe
tucked underneath the vermis
_________ regulates muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary movement
spinocerebellum
_______ aids learning of skilled movement; allows them to become more rapid and precise with learning
cerebrocerebellum
______ maintenance of balance, control of eye movements
vestibulocerebellum
The three deep cerebellar nuclei provide coordinating ______ to a variety of motor pathways
output
T/F the three deep cerebellar nuclei provide all of the output from cerebellum
True, all output of the cerebellum passes through these nuclei
Superior cerebellar peduncle: ______ to cortex
ouput
______ peduncle asks how can I adjust my motor output to get there
superior
Middle peduncle: ______ from cortex via pons
input
_______ peduncle asks where do I want to be (copy of motor command)
middle
Inferior peduncle: _______ from body and inferior olive
input
_______ peduncle asks where am I? what am I doing?
inferior
Which peduncle has some output to the vestibular nuclei
inferior cerebellar peduncle
T/F superior cerebellar peduncle–almost all fibers are efferent from cerebellum to contralateral cortex
True
what does the superior cerebellar fibers exit the cerebellum via
via deep cerebellar nuclei to contra thalamus (then motor cortex) and red nucleus
______ cerebellar peduncle is output from the cerebellum up to brain
superior
Superior cerebellar peduncle provides important feedback for lateral motor systems via motor cortex ________ and red nucleus _______
corticospinal; rubrospinal
Superior cerebellar peduncle: Deep nuclei receive _________ inhibitory inputs from purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex
GABAergic
Where is the middle cerebellar peduuncle located
In the pons
One massive component of the middle cerebellar peduncles is the cerebellar input (afferent) via the _________ pontine nucleus
contralateral
Pontine nuclei is the grey matter of ______ _____ ______
well marbled steak
Where is the inferior cerebellar peduncle located
in dorso-lateral rostral medulla
T/F almost all fibers are afferent in the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the cerebellum from sensory input
True
Inferior cerebellar peduncle: ______ input from inner ear
vestibular
Inferior peduncle: ______ input from muslces and joints
proprioceptive
Output/feedback from cerebellum via the inferior peduncle goes back to _____ nuclei
vestibular
What are the three layers of the cerebral cortex from outer to inner
molecular layer
purkinje layer
granular layer
The molecular layer is mostly _____ of granule cells with a few _______
axons; cell bodies
___ row of purkinje cells
single
Bottom layer is densely packed with small granule _____ _____
cell bodies
P dendrites are _____ and nearly _______ with the axons of the granule cells running through them
planar; 2D
Are there many synapses in purkinje dendrites
yes
What does the many synapses in the purkinje dendrites mean for the brain
high degree of plasticity
What are the three axon types
climbing fibers, mossy fibers, parallel fibers
Purkinje cells: sole source of _____ from cerebellar cortex to deep cerebellar nuclei
output
purkinje cells are _______ inhibiting deep cerebellar nuclei
GABAergic
Are there a ton of granule cells
YES
________ cells receive input via mossy fibers from pontine nuclei, brining info in from the body
granule
The axons of granule cells rise up into molecular layer and bifucate to go along whole length of cerebellum like teleohone wires forming ________ fibers
parallel
The _______ fibers make contact with hundred of purkinje cells, each hit 100s mossy fiber
parallel
Climbing fibers originate from the contralateral _______ ______
inferior olive
The _______ fibers provide input to purkinje cells, directly wrapping around them
climbing
A single climbing fiber contacts up to _____ P Cells
10
Each P cell receives ___________ climbing fiber input
only a single
Each climbing fiber makes about _____ synapses onto a single P cell
500
What does the activation of P cell by climbing fibers result in
strong depolarization
Basket cells, golgi cells, and stellate cells act like _____ _____ providing _____ input to purkinje cells
inhibitory interneurons; inhibitory
Climbing fibers and mossy fibers/parallel fiber input is all
excitatory
_______ and _______ for on going movement
spinocerebellum and vestibulocerebellum
__________ for planning of movement
cerebrocerebellum
Ataxia
movement that are uncoordinated or inaccurate due to any damage to motor areas
_______ decomposition of complex multi-joint movements into parts
Dyssynergia
______ poor control of speed and distance for coordinated movements
Dysmetria
Damage to cerebellum produces deficits on the ________ side of the body
same
