Sensorimotor wrap up Flashcards
Direct Route: motor commands from ________ are edited in a circuit of a few synapses
cerebral cortex
Direct route: edited motor commands are sent from the BG to the _______
thalamus
__________________ synapses are used, each with different neurotransmitters
both excitatory and inhibitory synapses are used
What is double negative
facilitating movement and motivated behaviors
Indirect route: motor commands from cerebral cortex are edited in a circuit with…
more synapses through more regions of the BG
Indirect route: edited motor commands are sent from the basal ganglia to the _________
thalamus
Indirect route: _________ synapses are used, each with different NT
both excitatory and inhibitory
What are the type of motor commands that direct pathway regulate
initiating movement
increasing motivation to begin
What type of motor commands does indirect pathway contribute to
more difficult to get movement started
reduces the motivation for particular action
indirect pathway helps _____ competing or related motor commands to zero in on correct program
suppress
Both indirect and direct path are driven by input from
SN
SN is functionally part of the basal ganglia but located in the
midbrain
SN is one of the few places where _______ is synthesized
dopamine
SN: provides additional input to ________ particularly important for selecting which motor programs to activate
striatum
SN will ______ some cells, ______ others
stimulate; inhibit
Striatal neurons of the direct pathway have _____ type receptors
D1
Striatal neurons of the indirect pathway have ___ type receptors
D2
________ nucleus is the only directly excitatory part of the BG
subthalamic nucleus
Rest of BG is layers of _______
inhibition
Extrapyramidal side loops: Cerebellum and basal ganglia form loops beginning and ending with cerebral cortex, relayed back through subregions of ________ thalamus
VL
Extra Pyramidal side loops: Edits _______ output taking into account PFC and sensory inputs as well
motor
Extra Pyramidal side loops: basal ganglia project back up to _________ cortex, which then targets muscles on the opposite side of the body
ipsilateral
__________ projection: unilateral damage to cerebellum leads to motor deficits ipsilateral to that damage
Unilateral damage
Cerebro-cerebellar projection: Input from cortex to cerebellum _____ in the pons
decussates
Cerebro-cerebellar projection: output from cerebellar back to cortex also ______ in the pons
decussates
Cerebellum info is__________ to representations in brain
Cerebellum info is___________ to body & spinal cord pathways
contralateral
ipsilateral
Which two cerebellar peduncles decussate
Superior and middle
What peduncle does not decussate
inferior
Where do we see the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles
caudal midbrain
Reticulospinal and vestibulospinal ________ decussate
do not
Produces highly accurate saccades faster than sensory input can
be processed consciously
Superior colliculus
Light in one point in space
activates ______ section of SC
large
Location and size of SC activity encodes direction and size of
required fast eye movement (_______)
saccades
Distributed encoding of instructions for how to move eyes towards
visual stimulus prior to consciousness (_______)
population coding
