UNIT 1 Chapter 63 Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Injury Flashcards
Lab value for Creatinine
Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
Lab value for Blood Urea Nitrogen
Both Sexes: 10-20 mg/dL
Lab value for GFR
90-120 mL/min
Lab value for Platelet count
150,000-400,000 mm3
Lab value for PT
Both Sexes: 11-12.5 sec
Pregnant: decreased
** 1.5-2.5 times the normal
control (on warfarin)
Lab value for INR
Normal is 0.9-1.2 seconds
Desirable therapeutic level is 2-3
times the normal (on warfarin)
Lab value for aPTT
Both Sexes: 30-40 sec
** 1.5-2.5 times the normal
control (on Heparin)
Lab value for HCT AND HGB
HGB-Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
HCT-Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%
Lab value for Na
Both Sexes: 135-145 mEq/L
Lab value for K+
3.5-5
Lab for WBC
5,000-10,000
What is Acute Kidney Injury?
sudden dysfunction to the kidney that is reversible.
-The causes of AKI are reduced perfusion to the kidneys, damage to kidney tissue, and obstruction of urine outflow.
Sudden (hours to days)
What are the s/s of AKI
OLIGURIA
-azotemia;build up of nitrogen waste
-fluid overload
-Anemia
-pulmonary crackles,
-dependent and generalized edema (anasarca),
-decreased oxygenation
- (low peripheral oxygenation or SpO 2), -confusion,
-increased respiratory rate,
-dyspnea
-tachycardia
-bounding pulse
-hypertension
What are the 3 causes of AKI?
-Pre-Renal AKI
-Intra-Renal AKI
-Post-renal AKI
What is the cause of Pre-Renal AKI
Prerenal AKI is caused by a source outside of the kidney creating conditions that impair renal perfusion. Common causes include
-Shock,
-Dehydration,
-Hypovolemia
-Fluid volume Deficit
-Hemrohage
-Burns, and
-Sepsis.
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which condition would the nurse expect to find in the patient’s recent history?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Dehydration
c. Bladder cancer
d. Kidney stones
b. Dehydration
A marathon runner comes into the clinic and states <I have not urinated very much in the last few days.= The nurse notes a heart rate of 110 beats/min and a blood pressure of 86/58 mm Hg. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
a. Give the client a bottle of water immediately.
b. Start an intravenous line for fluids.
c. Teach the patient to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily.
d. Perform an electrocardiogram.
a. Give the client a bottle of water immediately.
What is the cause of Intra Renal AKI
Intrinsic renal injury occurs inside the kidney by disorders that directly affect the renal cortex or medulla. Examples of disorders causing intrinsic renal AKI include allergic disorders, embolism or thrombosis of the renal vessels, and nephrotoxic agents. P
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of intrarenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which condition would the nurse expect to find in the patient’s recent history?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Dehydration
c. sepsis
d. Kidney stones
a. Pyelonephritis
What is the cause of Post Renal AKI
Postrenal AKI is caused by a urine flow obstruction. The obstruction can be caused by tumors, kidney stones, or strictures
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which condition would the nurse expect to find in the patient’s recent history?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Dehydration
c. sepsis
d. Kidney stones
d. Kidney stones
Which of the following Labs would you suspect to be increased for a patient with Akute Kidney Injury? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Creatinine
Potassium
Sodium
BUN
GFR
pH(Acidosis or alkaline)
Calcium
Magnesium
Creatinine
Potassium
BUN
Which of the following labs would you suspect to be decreased? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Creatinine
Potassium
Sodium
BUN
GFR
pH
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
GFR
Ph(Acidosis)
Magnesium
Calcium
Your patient with Acute Kidney injury had been diagnosed with pre-renal AKI secondary to dehydration. Which of the following statements by the patient required intervention?
A. my recovery can take up to 1 day.
B.This diagnosis occurred suddenly due to dehydration.
C. Oral rehydration may be in my care plan.
D. If my dehydration gets worse I may need dialysis.
A. my recovery can take up to 1 day.
FROM BOOK
- Resolution of kidney injury may occur over several months, and follow-up care may be provided by a nephrologist or by the primary health care provider in consultation with the nephrologist. Frequent medical visits are necessary, as are scheduled laboratory blood and urine tests to monitor kidney function. A registered dietitian nutritionist can plan modifications to the patient’s diet according to the degree of kidney function and ongoing nutrition needs. Fluid restrictions and daily weights may be advised to avoid fluid overload while kidneys are recovering.