Unit 1: Building Blocks of Relationships

Question 1

Intimate Relationships

Answer 1

involve knowledge, interdependence, caring, trust, responsiveness, mutuality, and commitment

Question 2

Knowledge

Answer 2

intimate partners have extensive personal, often confidential, knowledge about each other

Question 3

Interdependence

Answer 3

is frequent (they often affect each other), strong (they have meaningful impact on each other), diverse (they influence each other in many different ways), and enduring (they influence each other over long periods of time)

when relationships are interdependent, one’s behavior affects one’s partner as well as oneself

Question 4

Caring

Answer 4

intimate partners care about each other

they feel more affection for one another than they do for most others

Question 5

Trust

Answer 5

people in intimate relationships trust one another, expecting to be treated fairly and honorably

Question 6

Responsiveness

Answer 6

intimacy increases when people believe that their partners understand, respect, and appreciate them, being attentively and effectively responsive to their needs and concerned for their welfare

Question 7

Mutuality

Answer 7

people in intimate relationships exhibits a high degree of mutuality, which means that they recognize their close connection and think of themselves as “us” instead of “me” and “him” (or “her”)

Question 8

Commitment

Answer 8

people in intimate relationships expect their partnerships to continue indefinitely, and they invest the time, effort, and resources that are needed to realize that goal

Question 9

Need To Belong

Answer 9

we need frequent, pleasant interactions with intimate partners in lasting, caring relationships if we’re to function normally

Question 10

Singlism

Answer 10

refers to prejudice and discrimination against those who choose to remain single and opt not to devote themselves to a primary romantic relationship

Question 11

Technoference

Answer 11

the frequent interruptions of interactions of couples that are caused by their various technological devices

Question 12

Phubbing

Answer 12

occurs when one partner snubs another by focusing on a phone

Question 13

Sex Ratio

Answer 13

a simple count of the number of men for every 100 women in a specific population

when the sex ratio is high, there are more men than women

when it is low, there are fewer men than women

Question 14

Attachment Styles

Answer 14

global orientations towards relationships

Question 15

Secure Attachment

Answer 15

children happily bonded with others and relied on them comfortably, and they readily developed relationships characterized by relaxed trust

Question 16

Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment

Answer 16

being uncertain of when (or if) a departing caregiver would return, children became clingy, nervous, and needy in their relationships with others

Question 17

Avoidant Attachment

Answer 17

children were often suspicious of others, and they did not easily form trusting, close relationships

Question 18

Batholomew’s Four Attachment Styles

Answer 18

secure, preoccupied, fearful, dismissing

Question 19

Avoidance of Intimacy

Answer 19

affects the ease and trust with which people accept interdependent intimacy with others

Question 20

Anxiety About Abandonment

Answer 20

the dread that others will find them unworthy and leave them

Question 21

Gender Roles

Answer 21

the patterns of behavior that are culturally expected of “normal” men and women

Question 22

Androgenous

Answer 22

people that possess both sets of competencies that are stereotypically assigned with being male and being female

Question 23

Instrumental Traits

Answer 23

“masculine” task-oriented talents

Question 24

Expressive Traits

Answer 24

“feminine” social and emotional skills

Question 25

Open-Mindedness

Answer 25

the degree to which people are imaginative, curious, unconventional, and artistic versus conforming, uncreative, and stodgy

Question 26

Extraversion

Answer 26

the extent to which people are generous, assertive, and sociable versus cautious, reclusive, and shy

Question 26

Conscientiousness

Answer 26

the extent to which people are dutiful, dependable, responsible, and orderly versus unreliable, disorganized, and careless

Question 27

Agreeableness

Answer 27

the degree to which people are compassionate, cooperative, good-natured, and trusting versus suspicious, selfish, and hostile

Question 28

Negative Emotionality

Answer 28

the degree to which people are prone to fluctuating moods and high levels of negative emotion such as worry, anxiety, and anger

Question 29

Self-Esteem

Answer 29

our evaluations of ourselves

Question 30

Sociometer

Answer 30

a theory that views self-esteem as a subjective gauge that measures the quality of our relationships to others

Question 31

Parental Investment

Answer 31

the time, energy, and resources one must provide to one's offspring in order to reproduce

Question 32

Paternity Uncertainty

Answer 32

unless he is completely confident that his mate has been faithful to him, he cannot be absolutely certain that her child is his

Question 33

In what ways do intimate relationships differ from more casual associations?

Answer 33

knowledge, caring, trust, responsiveness, interdependence, mutuality, commitment

Question 34

What is interdependence?

Answer 34

the extent to which intimates need and influence each other one's behavior affects one's partner as well as oneself

Question 35

What is the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM)?

Answer 35

actor effects: relationships between one's own characteristics and their later behavior or characteristics partner effects: relationships between one's own characteristics and the other person's outcomes, show how one persons personality affects those around them

Question 36

What is trust?

Answer 36

expecting to be treated fairly and honorably

Question 37

What is mutuality?

Answer 37

the inclusion of other in the self scale

Question 38

What is the need to belong?

Answer 38

we need frequent, pleasant interactions with intimate partners in lasting, caring relationships if we're to function normally if the need is not met, a variety of problems follow

Question 39

What is an imaginary sex difference?

Answer 39

stereotypes portray the sexes as being very different, with almost no overlap between the styles and preferences of two sexes

Question 40

What are sex differences?

Answer 40

biological distinctions that spring naturally from their physical natures

Question 41

What are gender differences?

Answer 41

social and psychological distinctions created by our cultures and up-bringing

Question 42

What are the components of gender?

Answer 42

birth-assigned category current gender identity gender roles and expectations gender and social presentation gender evaluations

Question 43

What are gender roles?

Answer 43

may actually be responsible for much of the incompatibility traditional couples are less happy with their marriages

Question 44

What are instrumental traits?

Answer 44

assertiveness self-reliance ambition leadership decisiveness

Question 45

What are expressive traits?

Answer 45

warmth tenderness compassion kindness sensitivity to others

Question 46

What are sex ratios?

Answer 46

the number of men for every 100 women high (men > women): support traditional, old-fashioned gender roles, sexually conservative low (men < women): less traditional and more permissive

Question 47

What is technology and relationships?

Answer 47

reproductive technologies and control communication: technoference, phubbing

Question 48

What is parental investment?

Answer 48

the time, energy, and resources one must provide to one's offspring in order to reproduce

Question 49

What is parental uncertainty?

Answer 49

unless he is completely confident that his mate has been faithful to him, a man cannot be absolutely certain that her child is his