unit 1

Question 1

form

Answer 1

is different from content, form is the way the argument is structured. and logically arrives on the conclusion.

Question 2

content

Answer 2

the grounds of an argument that connect reasoning to truth. content is necicary

Question 3

soundness

Answer 3

An argument is sound if and only if it is valid and all its premises are true

Question 4

validity

Answer 4

An argument form is valid if and only if whenever the premises are all true, then conclusion is true. An argument is valid if its argument form is valid.

Question 5

argument

Answer 5

an attempt to persuade that uses logos. reasoning and logic. the premise inferentially draws a conclusion

Question 6

rhetoric

Answer 6

uses pathos (emotion) to persuade and offers no valid reasoning

Question 7

does rhetoric weaken an argument?

Answer 7

no, not necessarily, rhetoric neither validates nor invalidates an argument.

Question 8

subjective claim

Answer 8

a claim whose truth or falsity depends on the one who is making the claim.

Question 9

objective claim

Answer 9

a claim, the truth or falsity of is not dependent on the one who is making the claim

Question 10

can a subjective claim be true

Answer 10

The statements made cannot be proven to be true or false. They are simply beliefs and/or opinions of oneself. An example of a subjective claim would be if someone were to say, “Your haircut is extremely cute!”

Question 11

3 ways to define a term

Answer 11

ostensively
lexically
by synonym or analogy

Question 12

ostensive definition

Answer 12

to define by giving a specific example.

ex. what is color? red

Question 13

lexical defintion

Answer 13

the dictionary definition, the general requirements, and the substantial attributes

Question 14

define by synonym

Answer 14

use a comparison of a synonym. ie. it is like…

Question 15

substantial attribrute

Answer 15

an attribute without which the thing is not that which it is

Question 16

accidental attribute

Answer 16

an attribute without which the thing would still be that which it is

Question 17

vague

Answer 17

not enough info to determine what is and is not included

Question 18

ambiguous

Answer 18

when something can refer to multiple things

Question 19

why should one not use a dictionary to define a term?

Answer 19

the dictionary tells us how a word is defined, in an essay we argue how a word ought to be used

Question 20

argument

Answer 20

begins with premise and then inferences a conclusion that is not yet given

Question 21

explanation

Answer 21

begins wit the explanandum and then inferences the the not given hypothesis

Question 22

explanandum

Answer 22

that what needs to be explained

Question 23

explanans

Answer 23

that which explains

Question 24

species

Answer 24

that specific item. ie a dictionary

Question 25

genus

Answer 25

a principal taxonomic category that ranks above species ie books