Unit 1 - 6

Question 1

Bioavailability

Answer 1

Amount of substance free to act on target (route of delivery, dosage, speed and method)

Question 2

Affinity

Answer 2

How strong is the chemical attraction between drug and target

Question 3

Efficacy

Answer 3

How well does drug act on target

Question 4

Dose response curve

Answer 4

Tells us the effective concentration of drug

Question 5

Delivery methods (4)

Answer 5

1. Ingest (absolved by guy, slow)
2. Inhale (nose and lungs into bloodstream, moderate)
3. Peripheral injection (under the skin diffuse into tissues into blood, PNS, moderate)
4. Central injection (into CNS, blood brain barrier, fast)

Question 6

Ed50 (effective does 50%)

Answer 6

Concentration which we can expect 50% of maximal effect of drug

Question 7

Ld50 (lethal dose 50%)

Answer 7

Lethal, toxicity

Question 8

Therapeutic index

Answer 8

Ed50 and Ld50, middle ground between how effective it will be and how lethal

Question 9

Tolerance

Answer 9

Increasing dose to get same effective, body changes to adapt to it

Question 10

Metabolic Tolerance

Answer 10

Body is better at processing/ metabolizing drug, removed more quickly

Question 11

Functional tolerance

Answer 11

Body changing sensitivity to drug, changing number of receptors

Question 12

Transmitter Production Steps: Transmitter Production (3)

Answer 12

1. Enzyme produce nt
2. Transport those enzymes to axon terminals
3. Nt enters vesicle

Question 13

Transmitter Production Steps: transmitter release (4)

Answer 13

1. Electrical conductance (tetrodotoxin)
2. Calcium influx
3. Binding to presynaptic auto receptors (caffeine)
4. Altering vesicle fusion activity (amphetamines, Botox)

Question 14

Transmitter Production Steps: Transmitter Clearance (2)

Answer 14

1. Reuptake (cocaine, SSRI)
2. Transmitter Degradation (MAOI)

Question 15

Postsynaptic drugs may act on: (3)

Answer 15

1. Blocking receptors
2. Alter receptor availability
3. Alter postsynaptic signaling

Question 16

Seizure

Answer 16

Cause by storms in Brain by millions of neurons working together

Question 17

Valproate

Answer 17

Anti epileptic drug that targets synaptic transmission and electrical activity

Question 18

Antipsychotics

Answer 18

Treat schizophrenia, target dopamine and serotonin

Question 19

Antidepressants

Answer 19

Depression + mood disorders, (SSRI, MAOI), target serotonin (dopamine, norepinephrine)

Question 20

Anxiolytics

Answer 20

Anxiety disorders, benzodiazepines, target GABA systems

Question 21

Opiates

Answer 21

Acute + chronic pain, (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl)

Question 22

Depression

Answer 22

Sadness, lacking pleasure, motivation, due to synaptic transmission decline

Question 23

MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

Answer 23

Block serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine breakdown

Question 24

Tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 24

Block reuptake

Question 25

SSRI (selective serotonin uptake)

Answer 25

Allow serotonin to hang in cleft

Question 26

SNRI (selective serotonin norepinephrine uptake inhibitors)

Answer 26

Allow serotonin and norepinephrine to hang in cleft

Question 27

Morphine

Answer 27

Major active component in opium, binds to receptors

Question 28

Periaqueductal gray

Answer 28

Pain processing region in brain