Unit 1 - 3

Question 1

Meninges

Answer 1

Membranes around brain and spinal cord
(Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid layer)

Question 2

Meningitis

Answer 2

Infection of meninges or the fluid surrounding it 

Question 3

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 3

Surrounds brain, made of filtered blood, fills and flows through the ventricles 

Question 4

Choroid Plexus

Answer 4

Layer of cells that filters blood and makes CSF

Question 5

Glymphatic system

Answer 5

Derived from CSF, brain’s lymphatic system.
Protects the brain from infection, maintaining optimal, fluid levels, and removing waste 

Question 6

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 6

Capillaries in brain are highly resistant to the passage of molecules into the neurons they supply 

Question 7

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 7

Rupture in an artery allows blood to leak into the brain 

Question 8

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 8

Clots or other debris, prevent blood from reaching a region of the brain, causing it to die 

Question 9

Brain cells =

Answer 9

Neurons, Glia (support cells)

Question 10

Neuron Doctrine (2)

Answer 10

1. Neurons and other brain cells are structurally, metabolically, and functionally independent
2. Info transmitted between tiny gaps (synapse)

Question 11

Neuron Zone: Input Zone

Answer 11

1. Collect and process info from around them
2. Dendrites and cell body

Question 12

Neuron Zone: Integration Zone

Answer 12

1. Decides whether to produce neural signal
2. Below soma

Question 13

Neuron Zone: Conduction zone

Answer 13

1. Where info is electrically transmitted
2. Axon, axon collaterals

Question 14

Neuron Zone: Output Zone

Answer 14

1. Neuron transfers info to other cells
2. Axon terminals

Question 15

Motor neurons

Answer 15

Axons communicate with muscles, causing muscle contractions and movement

Question 16

Sensory neurons

Answer 16

Specialized to detect light, sound, odors, touch, etc.

Question 17

Interneurons

Answer 17

Receive, analyze, and communicate info, with other neurons 

Question 18

Types of Glia (4)

Answer 18

Schwann Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Microglia

Question 19

Schwann Cells

Answer 19

Wrap around axons are neurons in the periphery, and provide the myelin sheets, a fatty layer that speeds up electrical impulses (PNS)

Question 20

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 20

Wrap around axons and neurons in the brain and spinal cord and provide the myelin sheath. (CNS)

Question 21

Astrocytes (4)

Answer 21

1. Control blood flow
2. Protective membrane around brain
3. Secretion of chemical signals that affect synapses
4. Aid in bioenergetics, transporting metabolites to and from neurons

Question 22

Microglia

Answer 22

Immune cells in brain, also mobile

Question 23

Corpus callosum

Answer 23

Bundle of nerve fibers that allows left and right hemispheres in brain to communicate