Unit 1 - 3 Flashcards
Meninges
Membranes around brain and spinal cord
(Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid layer)
Meningitis
Infection of meninges or the fluid surrounding it 
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
Surrounds brain, made of filtered blood, fills and flows through the ventricles 
Choroid Plexus
Layer of cells that filters blood and makes CSF
Glymphatic system
Derived from CSF, brain’s lymphatic system.
Protects the brain from infection, maintaining optimal, fluid levels, and removing waste 
Blood Brain Barrier
Capillaries in brain are highly resistant to the passage of molecules into the neurons they supply 
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Rupture in an artery allows blood to leak into the brain 
Ischemic Stroke
Clots or other debris, prevent blood from reaching a region of the brain, causing it to die 
Brain cells =
Neurons, Glia (support cells)
Neuron Doctrine (2)
- Neurons and other brain cells are structurally, metabolically, and functionally independent
- Info transmitted between tiny gaps (synapse)
Neuron Zone: Input Zone
- Collect and process info from around them
- Dendrites and cell body
Neuron Zone: Integration Zone
- Decides whether to produce neural signal
- Below soma
Neuron Zone: Conduction zone
- Where info is electrically transmitted
- Axon, axon collaterals
Neuron Zone: Output Zone
- Neuron transfers info to other cells
- Axon terminals
Motor neurons
Axons communicate with muscles, causing muscle contractions and movement
Sensory neurons
Specialized to detect light, sound, odors, touch, etc.
Interneurons
Receive, analyze, and communicate info, with other neurons 
Types of Glia (4)
Schwann Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Microglia
Schwann Cells
Wrap around axons are neurons in the periphery, and provide the myelin sheets, a fatty layer that speeds up electrical impulses (PNS)
Oligodendrocytes
Wrap around axons and neurons in the brain and spinal cord and provide the myelin sheath. (CNS)
Astrocytes (4)
- Control blood flow
- Protective membrane around brain
- Secretion of chemical signals that affect synapses
- Aid in bioenergetics, transporting metabolites to and from neurons
Microglia
Immune cells in brain, also mobile
Corpus callosum
Bundle of nerve fibers that allows left and right hemispheres in brain to communicate
