Unit 1 - 2

Question 1

Somatic intervention

Answer 1

Manipulating the body may affect behavior

Question 2

Behavioral intervention

Answer 2

Experience affects the body (including the brain)

Question 3

Correlation

Answer 3

Body and behavioral measures Covary

Question 4

Idea of conserved function

Answer 4

Arose from a common ancestor; includes structure and function of neurons

Question 5

Invasive Histology Techniques

Answer 5

Studies the brain at the cellular level and must be performed on tissue samples 

Question 6

Non-invasive Histology Techniques

Answer 6

Studies, broader functioning in a living brain, generally by images 

Question 7

Nissl staining (invasive)

Answer 7

Fills all cell bodies, because it binds to mRNA, label all cells in a region

Question 8

Golgi staining (invasive)

Answer 8

Fills cells completely revealing details, including projections. Real fine details of individual neurons (one at a time)

Question 9

Autoradiography (invasive)

Answer 9

Detection of radioactive compounds in the brain

Question 10

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) (invasive)

Answer 10

Detection of antibodies raised against a particular protein (studies immune cells)

Question 11

In situ hybridization(invasive)

Answer 11

Probes to detect RNA or DNA only of genes that are expressed in that neuron 

Question 12

CAT (non-invasive)
Computerized Axial Tomography

Answer 12

Detects major disruptions, such as strokes or tumors


Question 13

MRI (noninvasive)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 13

 Enables us to see fine structure and recognize subtle changes in the brain by using protons and radio waves 

Question 14

fMRI (noninvasive)
Functional MRI

Answer 14

Detect small changes in brain metabolism and detects activity in real time

Question 15

PET (noninvasive)
Positron Emission Tomography

Answer 15

Detects radioactive chemicals in the brain to observe brain activity 

Question 16

Central Nervous System

Answer 16

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 17

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 17

Everything else

Question 18

Somatic Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 18

Nerves that interconnect the brain and major muscles and sensory systems of the body (voluntary)

Question 19

Autonomic Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 19

Nerves that connect primarily to the viscera (internal organs) (involuntary)

Question 20

Cranial Nerves (sensory)

Answer 20

Olfactory (smell)
Optic (vision)
Trigeminal (faces, sinuses, teeth)
Facial (tongue, soft palate)
Vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)
Glossopharyngeal (taste)
Vagus (info from internal organs)

Question 21

Cranial Nerves (motor)

Answer 21

Oculomotar, Trochlear, Abducens (move eyes)
Spinal Accessory (neck muscles)
Hypogloassal (tongue muscles)

Question 22

Autonomic Nervous System =

Answer 22

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 23

Sympathetic

Answer 23

Prepare for action

Question 24

Parasympathetic

Answer 24

Relax and recuperate

Question 25

Gray matter

Answer 25

Neuronal cell bodies for processing info (cell bodies)

Question 26

White matter

Answer 26

Projections for transmissions of info (axonal projections)

Question 27

Four lobes of the brain

Answer 27

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 28

Gyrus

Answer 28

Ridge on cerebral cortex (n)

Question 29

Sulcus

Answer 29

Depression or groove in cerebral cortex (u)

Question 30

Basal Ganglia

Answer 30

Control movement

Question 31

Limbic System

Answer 31

Regulates emotion and memory (Amygdala and hippocampus)

Question 32

Thalamus

Answer 32

Takes incoming sensory info and directs it to appropriate area of cortex to process

Question 33

Thalamus

Answer 33

takes processed sensory info and directs it back out to appropriate body responses

Question 34

Hypothalamus

Answer 34

Controls pituitary gland, homeostasis (hunger, thirst, temperature regulation)

Question 35

Cerebellum

Answer 35

Motion coordination Cognition including learning

Question 36

Brainstem: Pons

Answer 36

Sensory and motor nuclei

Question 37

Brainstem: Medulla

Answer 37

autonomic functions (heart, breathing)