unit 1 Flashcards
sheik
an Arab leader, in particular the chief or head of an Arab tribe, family, or village.
2.
a leader in a Muslim community or organization.
quran
the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. The Koran consists of 114 units of varying lengths, known as suras ; the first sura is said as part of the ritual prayer. These touch upon all aspects of human existence, including matters of doctrine, social organization, and legislation.
islam
the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
the Muslim world.
“the most enormous complex of fortifications in all Islam”
hijrah
The Hegira or Hijrah (Arabic: هِجْرَة), also romanized as Hijra and Hejira, is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in 622 CE.
haj
the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.
bedouin
. a nomadic Arab of the desert. adjective 1. of or relating to the Bedouin.
jihad
among Muslims) a war or struggle against unbelievers.
ISLAM
the spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.
noun: jehad; plural noun: jehads
mosque
a Muslim place of worship.
muhammad
The Arab founder of Islam, Muhammad is held by Muslims to be the chief prophet of God. He was born in Mecca. Muslims believe that the Koran was dictated to him by an angel sent from God. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition.
abu bakr
Abu Bakr. definition: companion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad, regarded by Sunni’s as the 1st caliph and rightful successor.
mu’āwiyah
?602–680 ad, first caliph (661–80) of the Omayyad dynasty of Damascus; regarded as having secularized the caliphate
sunni
one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.
a Muslim who adheres to the Sunni branch of Islam.
plural noun: Sunni; plural noun: Sunnis
shiite
. an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam. adjective 1. of or relating to Shia.
caliph
the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924 by Atatürk.
the moors
a member of a northwestern African Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. In the 8th century they conquered the Iberian peninsula, but were finally driven out of their last stronghold in Granada at the end of the 15th century.