unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sheik

A

an Arab leader, in particular the chief or head of an Arab tribe, family, or village.
2.
a leader in a Muslim community or organization.

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2
Q

quran

A

the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. The Koran consists of 114 units of varying lengths, known as suras ; the first sura is said as part of the ritual prayer. These touch upon all aspects of human existence, including matters of doctrine, social organization, and legislation.

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3
Q

islam

A

the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
the Muslim world.
“the most enormous complex of fortifications in all Islam”

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4
Q

hijrah

A

The Hegira or Hijrah (Arabic: هِجْرَة‎‎), also romanized as Hijra and Hejira, is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in 622 CE.

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5
Q

haj

A

the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.

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6
Q

bedouin

A
.
a nomadic Arab of the desert.
adjective
1.
of or relating to the Bedouin.
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7
Q

jihad

A

among Muslims) a war or struggle against unbelievers.
ISLAM
the spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.
noun: jehad; plural noun: jehads

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8
Q

mosque

A

a Muslim place of worship.

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9
Q

muhammad

A

The Arab founder of Islam, Muhammad is held by Muslims to be the chief prophet of God. He was born in Mecca. Muslims believe that the Koran was dictated to him by an angel sent from God. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition.

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10
Q

abu bakr

A

Abu Bakr. definition: companion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad, regarded by Sunni’s as the 1st caliph and rightful successor.

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11
Q

mu’āwiyah

A

?602–680 ad, first caliph (661–80) of the Omayyad dynasty of Damascus; regarded as having secularized the caliphate

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12
Q

sunni

A

one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.
a Muslim who adheres to the Sunni branch of Islam.
plural noun: Sunni; plural noun: Sunnis

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13
Q

shiite

A
.
an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam.
adjective
1.
of or relating to Shia.
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14
Q

caliph

A

the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924 by Atatürk.

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15
Q

the moors

A

a member of a northwestern African Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. In the 8th century they conquered the Iberian peninsula, but were finally driven out of their last stronghold in Granada at the end of the 15th century.

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16
Q

astrolabe

A

Admiral Jules Sébastien César Dumont d’Urville, was a French naval officer, geographer, explorer and collector botanist who conducted several expeditions aboard the corvette Astrolabe by the South Pacific and Antarctic exploration campaigning in Australia, New Zealand , …

17
Q

mecca

A

Mecca is a town in Parke County in the US state of Indiana. In the 2010 census it had a population of 335 inhabitants and a population density of 329.12 persons per km².

18
Q

medina

A

a Muslim city, especially from North Africa Old Town.

19
Q

the five pillars

A

the five foundations of the Islamic faith: shahada (confession of faith), salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting, Especially During the month of Ramadan), and hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca). Expand. Also called Pillars of the Faith. Compare DIN2, ibada. Contemporary definitions for Pillars of Islam Expand.

20
Q

kadijah

A

Khadija Bint Khuwaylid or Jadīŷat al-Kubra was the first wife of the prophet of Islam Muhammad. She was the daughter of Asad ibn Khuwaylid and Fatimah bint Zā’ida, belonging to the clan of Banu Quraysh.

21
Q

hadith

A

A hadith or hadith literally means a saying or a conversation, but Islamically represents the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad told by his companions and compiled by those sages who succeeded them

22
Q

ulama

A

Name that formerly gave the ballgame practiced by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica; in some regions of Mexico, as Mazatlan, it continues practicing and retains that name.

23
Q

caliphate

A

A caliphate is an area container containing an Islamic caliph steward Known as a person Considered a successor to religious to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad

24
Q

ummayad

A

The Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate or were an Arab lineage Caliphate exercised power, first in the East, with capital Damascus, and then in al-Andalus, with its capital in Cordoba.

25
Q

abbasid

A

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic caliphates to the Islamic prophet Muhammad succeed. The Abbasid dynasty Descended From Muhammad’s youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566-653 CE), from Whom the dynasty Takes ITS name.

26
Q

baghdad

A

Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, and is also the country’s largest, with 6,431,839 inhabitants, and one of the most populated in the Middle East after Cairo and Tehran city. It is located beside the Tigris River.

27
Q

downy

A

Dowry. It is illegal, but a marriage concluded without it is unthinkable. Contrary to the West, is the family of the bride who brings him to the groom and generally, the demands of these are always so far above their means, that on many occasions.

28
Q

harem

A

Part of the house where Muslim women live.