The American and French Revolutions

Question 1

King George III

Answer 1

George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738[c] – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death.

Question 2

Taxation without representation

Answer 2

is a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution

Question 3

The Stamp Act

Answer 3

was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp.

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Question 5

Redcoats

Answer 5

(especially during the American Revolution) a British soldier.

Question 6

Continental Army

Answer 6

was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

Question 7

Seven Year War

Answer 7

was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.

Question 8

Loyalists

Answer 8

were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.

Question 9

Patriot

Answer 9

were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation.

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 10

was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

Question 11

Declaration of Independence

Answer 11

is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule.

Question 12

The Three Estates

Answer 12

a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country (especially in the United Kingdom) and formerly possessing distinct political rights

Question 13

Louis XV

Answer 13

was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death.

Question 14

Marie Antoinette

Answer 14

was the last Queen of France prior to the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria, and was the fifteenth and second youngest child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Question 15

Versailles

Answer 15

A suburb of Paris, formerly the capital of France.
The Palace of Versailles.
The Treaty of Versailles.

Question 16

National Assembly

Answer 16

which existed from June 13, 1789 to July 9, 1789, was a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (the common people) of the Estates-General; thereafter (until replaced by the Legislative Assembly on Sept. 30, 1791) it was known as the National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante), though popularly the shorter form persisted.

Question 17

Estates General

Answer 17

was a legislative and consultative assembly (see The Estates) of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects

Question 18

Declaration of Rights of Man

Answer 18

passed by France’s National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights

Question 19

Constitution of 1791

Answer 19

was the first written constitution in France, created after the collapse of the absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime.

Question 20

Emigres

Answer 20

is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French émigrer, “to emigrate”.

Question 21

Radicals

Answer 21

an unincorporated community

Question 22

Moderates

Answer 22

is an individual who is not extreme, partisan, nor radical.[1] In recent years, the term political moderates has gained traction as a buzzword.

Question 23

Conservatives

Answer 23

as a political and social philosophy promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.

Question 24

Reign of Terror

Answer 24

was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of “enemies of the revolution”.

Question 25

Jacobins

Answer 25

after 1792 renamed Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality

Question 26

Maximillian Robespierre

Answer 26

was a French lawyer and politician. He was one of the best-known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

Question 27

Guillotine

Answer 27

is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading.

Question 28

Conscription

Answer 28

is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service

Question 29

Coup

Answer 29

is a pretty major achievement, whether it involves taking over a government by force, or landing a major business contract.

Question 30

The Directory

Answer 30

was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety, until it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire (8–9 November 1799) and replaced by the Consulate.

Question 31

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 31

was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Question 32

Counter-revolutionary

Answer 32

is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part

Question 33

Napoleonic Code

Answer 33

is the French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804

Question 34

The Consulate Waterloo

Answer 34

the premises officially occupied by a consul.

Question 35

Nationalism

Answer 35

is a complex, multidimensional concept involving a shared communal identification with one’s nation.

Question 36

Duke of Wellington

Answer 36

is a hereditary title of the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Question 37

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 37

On 20 June 1789, the members of the French Estates-General for the Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath (French: Serment du Jeu de Paume), vowing “not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established.

Question 38

Bastille

Answer 38

was a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine. It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France.