Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Enclosure Movement

Answer 1

was the legal process in England during the 18th century of enclosing a number of small landholdings to create one larger farm.

Question 2

Crop Rotation

Answer 2

is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.

Question 3

Industrial revolution

Answer 3

is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.

Question 4

Factors of Production

Answer 4

In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, finished goods and services.

Question 5

Mechanization

Answer 5

is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.

Question 6

Factory System

Answer 6

is a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour. Because of the high capital cost of machinery and factory buildings, factories are typically owned by capitalists who employ the operative labour.

Question 7

Cottage Industry

Answer 7

is a means of subcontracting work. Historically, it was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system.

Question 8

Entrepreneur

Answer 8

a person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk.

Question 9

Tenements

Answer 9

is, in most English-speaking areas, a substandard multi-family dwelling in the urban core, usually old and occupied by the poor.

Question 10

Mass Production

Answer 10

is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.

Question 11

Fordism

Answer 11

describes modern economic and social systems based on industrialized, standardized mass production and mass consumption.

Question 12

Corporation

Answer 12

is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

Question 13

Monopoly

Answer 13

exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity (this contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity’s control of a market to purchase a good or service, and with oligopoly which consists of a few sellers dominating a market.

Question 14

Strikes

Answer 14

to deal a blow or stroke to (a person or thing), as with the fist, a weapon, or a hammer; hit.

Question 15

Unions

Answer 15

the state of being united.

Question 16

Collective

Answer 16

is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together to achieve a common objective.

Question 17

Bargaining

Answer 17

is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price and exact nature of a transaction. If the bargaining produces agreement on terms, the transaction takes place.

Question 18

Eli Whitney

Answer 18

was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South

Question 19

James Watt

Answer 19

was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

Question 20

Henry Bessemer

Answer 20

was an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century.

Question 21

Richard Arkwright

Answer 21

was an American author of sometimes controversial novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction.

Question 22

Robert Fulton

Answer 22

was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont.

Question 23

Samuel Morse

Answer 23

was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.

Question 24

Henry Ford

Answer 24

was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.

Question 25

JP Morgan

Answer 25

was an American financier and banker who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation in late 19th and early 20th Century United States.

Question 26

Immigration

Answer 26

is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take-up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.

Question 27

Leisure

Answer 27

Free time when one is not working or attending to other duties.

Question 28

Emigration

Answer 28

is the act of leaving one’s resident country with the intent to settle elsewhere.

Question 29

Push and Pull Factors

Answer 29

Push and pull factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them. A push factor is forceful, and a factor which relates to the country from which a person migrates.

Question 30

Textiles

Answer 30

is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).

Question 31

Middle Class

Answer 31

is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class.

Question 32

Child Labor Laws

Answer 32

address issues related to the employment and welfare of minors and children in the workforce. It is the employment of children in any work that deprives them of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.

Question 33

Jane Adams

Answer 33

was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women’s suffrage and world peace.

Question 34

Stuart Mill

Answer 34

was an English philosopher, political economist and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory and political economy.

Question 35

Utilitarianism

Answer 35

is an ethical theory that states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility. “Utility” is defined in various ways, usually in terms of the well-being of sentient entities, such as human beings and other animals.

Question 36

Meji Resforation

Answer 36

also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.