Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Enclosure Movement
was the legal process in England during the 18th century of enclosing a number of small landholdings to create one larger farm.
Crop Rotation
is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.
Industrial revolution
is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.
Factors of Production
In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, finished goods and services.
Mechanization
is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.
Factory System
is a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour. Because of the high capital cost of machinery and factory buildings, factories are typically owned by capitalists who employ the operative labour.
Cottage Industry
is a means of subcontracting work. Historically, it was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system.
Entrepreneur
a person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk.
Tenements
is, in most English-speaking areas, a substandard multi-family dwelling in the urban core, usually old and occupied by the poor.
Mass Production
is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.
Fordism
describes modern economic and social systems based on industrialized, standardized mass production and mass consumption.
Corporation
is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
Monopoly
exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity (this contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity’s control of a market to purchase a good or service, and with oligopoly which consists of a few sellers dominating a market.
Strikes
to deal a blow or stroke to (a person or thing), as with the fist, a weapon, or a hammer; hit.
Unions
the state of being united.
Collective
is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together to achieve a common objective.
Bargaining
is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price and exact nature of a transaction. If the bargaining produces agreement on terms, the transaction takes place.
Eli Whitney
was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South
James Watt
was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.
Henry Bessemer
was an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century.
Richard Arkwright
was an American author of sometimes controversial novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction.
Robert Fulton
was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont.
Samuel Morse
was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.
Henry Ford
was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
