Japan and China

Question 1

Ming Dynasty

Answer 1

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

Question 2

Qing Dynasty

Answer 2

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, also called the Empire of the Great Qing or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917.

Question 3

Examination System

Answer 3

Chinese examination system, In China, system of competitive examinations for recruiting officials that linked state and society and dominated education from the Song dynasty (960–1279) onward, though its roots date to the imperial university established in the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220).

Question 4

Opium

Answer 4

a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the juice of the opium poppy, used as a narcotic and in medicine as an analgesic.

Question 5

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 5

The Taiping Rebellion or Taiping Civil War was a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace.

Question 6

Beijing

Answer 6

the capital of China, in the northeastern part of the country; pop. 8,580,400 (est. 2006).

Question 7

Treaty of Nanjink

Answer 7

The Treaty of Nanking or Nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties because Britain had no obligations in return.

Question 8

Taiwan

Answer 8

an island country off the southeastern coast of China; pop. 22,974,300 (est. 2009); capital, Taipei; language, Mandarin Chinese (official). Official name China, Republic of.Former name Formosa.

Question 9

Empress

Answer 9

a female emperor.

the wife or widow of an emperor.

Question 10

Ci Xi

Answer 10

Empress Dowager Cixi, of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.

Question 11

Self-Strengthening Movement

Answer 11

The Self-Strengthening Movement, c. 1861 – 1895, was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers.

Question 12

Imperial City

Answer 12

In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that enjoyed a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

Question 13

Porcelain

Answer 13

a white vitrified translucent ceramic; china. See also hard-paste, soft-paste.

Question 14

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 14

an unsuccessful rebellion in China in 1900, the objective of which was to drive out all foreigners, remove all foreign influence, and compel Chinese Christians to give up their religion

Question 15

Tokugawa Shogunate

Answer 15

The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu and the Edo bakufu, was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867.

Question 16

Commodore Matthew Perry

Answer 16

The West demands trade with Japan. On July 8, 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy, commanding a squadron of two steamers and two sailing vessels, sailed into Tokyo tôkyô harbor aboard the Frigate.

Question 17

Meiji Restoration

Answer 17

The Meiji Restoration, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.

Question 18

Consulate

Answer 18

the period of office of a Roman consul.

Question 19

Eta

Answer 19

the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet (Η, η), transliterated as ‘e’ or ‘ē.’

Question 20

Edo

Answer 20

former name of Tokyo.

Question 21

The Hermit Kingdom

Answer 21

Hermit kingdom is a term applied to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world.

Question 22

Isolation

Answer 22

the process or fact of isolating or being isolated
an instance of isolating something, especially a compound or microorganism.
denoting a hospital or ward for patients with contagious or infectious diseases.

Question 23

Dutch Learning

Answer 23

Rangaku (Kyūjitai: 蘭學/Shinjitai: 蘭学, literally “Dutch Learning”, and by extension “Western Learning”) is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners, 1641–1853, because of the Tokugawa shogunate’s policy of national isolation (sakoku).

Question 24

Junks

Answer 24

discard or abandon unceremoniously

Question 25

Queue

Answer 25

In computer science, a queue is a particular kind of abstract data type or collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the principal (or only) operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position, known as enqueue, and removal of entities from the front terminal position, known as dequeue

Question 26

Hsuan-Yeh

Answer 26

The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty,the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.

Question 27

Philology

Answer 27

Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary criticism, history, and linguistics.

Question 28

Extraterritoriality

Answer 28

noun form of extraterritorial

Question 29

Unequal Treaties

Answer 29

Unequal treaty is a term applied to any of a series of treaties signed with Western powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries by Qing dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan after suffering military defeat by the foreign powers or when there was a threat of military action by those powers.

Question 30

Yangtze Valley

Answer 30

The Yangtze River, known in China as the Cháng Jiāng or the Yángzǐ Jiāng, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world.

Question 31

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Answer 31

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣 秀吉?, February 2, 1536, or March 26, 1537 – September 18, 1598) was a preeminent daimyo, warrior, general, samurai, and politician of the Sengoku period[1] who is regarded as Japan’s second “great unifier”.

Question 32

Tokugama Leyasi

Answer 32

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan; which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.

Question 33

Treaty of Kanagawe

Answer 33

On March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa or Kanagawa Treaty was the first treaty between the United States of America, and the Empire of Japan, then under the administration of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Question 34

Consulates

Answer 34

the period of office of a Roman consul.