Japan and China Flashcards
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, also called the Empire of the Great Qing or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917.
Examination System
Chinese examination system, In China, system of competitive examinations for recruiting officials that linked state and society and dominated education from the Song dynasty (960–1279) onward, though its roots date to the imperial university established in the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220).
Opium
a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the juice of the opium poppy, used as a narcotic and in medicine as an analgesic.
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion or Taiping Civil War was a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace.
Beijing
the capital of China, in the northeastern part of the country; pop. 8,580,400 (est. 2006).
Treaty of Nanjink
The Treaty of Nanking or Nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties because Britain had no obligations in return.
Taiwan
an island country off the southeastern coast of China; pop. 22,974,300 (est. 2009); capital, Taipei; language, Mandarin Chinese (official). Official name China, Republic of.Former name Formosa.
Empress
a female emperor.
the wife or widow of an emperor.
Ci Xi
Empress Dowager Cixi, of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.
Self-Strengthening Movement
The Self-Strengthening Movement, c. 1861 – 1895, was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers.
Imperial City
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that enjoyed a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.
Porcelain
a white vitrified translucent ceramic; china. See also hard-paste, soft-paste.
Boxer Rebellion
an unsuccessful rebellion in China in 1900, the objective of which was to drive out all foreigners, remove all foreign influence, and compel Chinese Christians to give up their religion
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu and the Edo bakufu, was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867.
Commodore Matthew Perry
The West demands trade with Japan. On July 8, 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy, commanding a squadron of two steamers and two sailing vessels, sailed into Tokyo tôkyô harbor aboard the Frigate.
Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
Consulate
the period of office of a Roman consul.
Eta
the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet (Η, η), transliterated as ‘e’ or ‘ē.’
Edo
former name of Tokyo.
The Hermit Kingdom
Hermit kingdom is a term applied to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world.
Isolation
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated
an instance of isolating something, especially a compound or microorganism.
denoting a hospital or ward for patients with contagious or infectious diseases.
Dutch Learning
Rangaku (Kyūjitai: 蘭學/Shinjitai: 蘭学, literally “Dutch Learning”, and by extension “Western Learning”) is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners, 1641–1853, because of the Tokugawa shogunate’s policy of national isolation (sakoku).
Junks
discard or abandon unceremoniously
Queue
In computer science, a queue is a particular kind of abstract data type or collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the principal (or only) operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position, known as enqueue, and removal of entities from the front terminal position, known as dequeue
Hsuan-Yeh
The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty,the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.
Philology
Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary criticism, history, and linguistics.
Extraterritoriality
noun form of extraterritorial
Unequal Treaties
Unequal treaty is a term applied to any of a series of treaties signed with Western powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries by Qing dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan after suffering military defeat by the foreign powers or when there was a threat of military action by those powers.
Yangtze Valley
The Yangtze River, known in China as the Cháng Jiāng or the Yángzǐ Jiāng, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣 秀吉?, February 2, 1536, or March 26, 1537 – September 18, 1598) was a preeminent daimyo, warrior, general, samurai, and politician of the Sengoku period[1] who is regarded as Japan’s second “great unifier”.
Tokugama Leyasi
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan; which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.
Treaty of Kanagawe
On March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa or Kanagawa Treaty was the first treaty between the United States of America, and the Empire of Japan, then under the administration of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Consulates
the period of office of a Roman consul.
