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World History > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the outcome of the Germanic invasions that destroyed the Western Roman Empire?

A

Trade declined, Cities/bridges/roads fell, law order disappeared, Education declined immensely, money was not used

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2
Q

What does Medium Aveum mean?

A

Middle Age

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3
Q

What is another name for the middle ages?

A

Dark Ages

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4
Q

What is the outcome of the middle ages?

A

A highly competitive civilization which combines elements of Christian Beliefs, Germanic Culture, and Roman Culture

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5
Q

What is it called when there is no central government?

A

Decentralization

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6
Q

Who was Clovis?

A

A Merovingian king; Converted to Catholicism; Upon his death, the kingdom was dived among his heirs (led to 200 years of son fighting son for inheritance)-> this led to no REAL power held by bloodline kings

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7
Q

What are government officials called?

A

Mayors of the palace

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8
Q

Who was Charles Martel?

A

Nicknamed “Charles the Hammer”; becomes Mayor; Fought in a war in Tours France; The outcome of his war was that Christianity would remain the dominant religion

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9
Q

Who was Pepin the Short?

A

Took over for his father and become Mayor of the palace; Wanted to named “the king of France” (but he had no blood claim to throne)

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10
Q

Importance of Pepin?

A

Pope traveld to him to anoint him king (showcasing that Pepin is more superior than the pope); Defeated Lombards taking over their territory (named Donation of Pepin but soon became known as the Papal States)

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11
Q

Who were the merovingians?

A

Leader: Clovis

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12
Q

What is the Church vs State conflict?

A

The church and state are constantly fighting for the dominant power over the people

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13
Q

Who was Charelmagne?

A

A-typical; Helps to firmly establish a Monarchy; Rulled for 46 years

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14
Q

What are the greatest achievements of Charlemagne?

A

Doubled the size of the Frankish Kingdom; Got rid of all Germanic tribes; Made alliances; Led and fought in great army; Built churches (to allow his legacy to live on); Crowned “Emperor of the Romans”

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15
Q

What was the reasoning for the fall of the Carolingian Empire?

A

Charlemagne could not be replaced (led to vacuum of power)

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16
Q

What does the Treaty of Verdun entail?

A

Carles the bald would control most of present day France (western portion); Louis the German took over eastern part (Germany); Lothair became the Holy Roman Emperor and pulled the territory from the North Sea southwards to Italy

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17
Q

What are some outside attacks?

A

Mulslims-took over much of North Africa and the Western Mediterranean Coast; Slavs invaded central Europe

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18
Q

What does the term “Go-a-viking” mean?

A

To fight as a pirate or warrior

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19
Q

Characteristics of Vikings

A

Had sturdy and versatile boats; Launched surprise attacks and made speedy retreats; Ruthless fighters; Explored

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20
Q

Consequences outside invaders?

A

Destroyed the trade/economy; Isolated European Communities even more than before; Prompted economic collapse; Created conditions and environment for Feudalism

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21
Q

What is Feudalism?

A

High decentralized government including alliances between nobles and lords that provides mutual protection/benefits; worked

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22
Q

What are the levels of Feudalism?

A

Kings, Vassals, knights

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23
Q

The Catholic Church Set of Degrees: Peace of God

A

Prohibited fighting at the church/Cemetery Cathedral

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24
Q

The Catholic Church Set of Degrees: Truce of God

A

Prohibited battles on holidays

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25
Q

What do Castles consist of?

A

Built of stone; Turret (Circular building for military); Elevated up on a hill; Moat surrounds it; water source is a well; chapel; Keep (square tower for storage)

26
Q

The responsibilities of a Vassal:

A

Military service; providing food to lord; Pay ransom t release lord

27
Q

The responsibilities of a Lord:

A

Castle had to be defended; Set aside land to graze animals;provided labor (serfs/peasants)

28
Q

What does the nobles consist of?

A

Lords/Knights/Kings/Noble Women

29
Q

What were the main duties of a noble woman?

A

To marry (as young as 12 years old); Homebound; In some cases shared supervision of the estate; needle work; medicine making

30
Q

What did nobles do in their free time?

A

Tournaments (mock battles); Hunting; Archery; Falconry

31
Q

Stages of becoming a Knight:

A

Begin as a Page (assistant at age 7); Become a Squire (Assistant knight/Practice using weapons; Becomes official Knight when they prove themselves in battle (Knighted in a very elaborate ceremony

32
Q

What is the code of chivalry/what does it consist of?

A

The proper code for knights to follow; CONSIST OF: brave in battle/ fight fairly/ keep promises/ defend the church/ treat women of noble birth in a courteous manner

33
Q

What is Manorialism?

A

System of agriculture production; Combination of the wealth of lords and nobles and the labor of peasants

34
Q

Manorialism versus Feudalism

A

Manorialism: focussed on economics of wealthy landowners/Feudalism: Classes

35
Q

What are the components of the Manor?

A

Varied in size; Lords Manor house; Pastures for livestock; Fields for crops; Forest areas; Villages for peasants

36
Q

What is the relationship of the lord and the peasant?

A

Lord protected the peasant and was the landowner; Peasant provided the lord labor in return for protection/paid rent/farmed the land

37
Q

Obligation/Duties of the Peasants?

A

Farm the lords land/ Make various payments of goods/ Set aside a number of days per year to provide labors/ Rarely let the Manor/ ULTIMATELY HAVE NO FREEDOM

38
Q

Why weren’t serfs considered slaves?

A

They could not be sold or bought

39
Q

What was the benefit of the heavier plow?

A

There was a surplus in food beca the plow could get crops faster

40
Q

What was the benefit of the 3-field system?

A

Provided more crops and help to preserve the soil

41
Q

What were some of the hardships of Peasants?

A

In poverty/ Were not protected in time of warfare/ Lived in dirty huts/ Did not live past 40 years old

42
Q

What are some enjoyments of Peasants?

A

Religious dramas/ singing/ dancing/ wrestling/ archery

43
Q

What is Localism?

A

Live and die on the manor

44
Q

What is the common bond between Lord and Peasant?

A

Land; Peasants farmed it for Lords and in return they were protected

45
Q

Benefits of Manorialism?

A

Created a stable and secure way of life during a time that was generally violent and uncertain

46
Q

Characteristics of Monks:

A

Can not marry; can not own goods; obey all laws; dress in simple long robes made of uncomfortable material; ate 1-2 meals per day; everything is based around The Bible

47
Q

Characteristics of Nuns:

A

Noble women who did not marry; head of Covent (monastery); wore a gown and a vail; taught noblewomen needlework and how to make medicine;

48
Q

What is the Scriptoria?

A

Writing of manuscripts; provided official Bible of Catholic Church

49
Q

What does Monastic mean?

A

Someone who is alone

50
Q

Who was Pope Gregory l?

A

Gregory the Great; Sent missionaries to England to try to convert people to Christianity; Wrote the book of Pastoral Care which gave detail advice on how bishop should care for people

51
Q

What was the church council?

A

Council-group of pope, bishops, cardinals, ETC; helps decide what to do

52
Q

What is a cardinal?

A

Has a red robe; Set up to stop the pope from abusing power; selected the pope

53
Q

Who was Pope Gregory Vll?

A

Thought he should have complete control over secular leaders

54
Q

What is Herssey?

A

Rejection of church teaching

55
Q

What is excommunicaiton?

A

Cut off people form the church (cut them off from the 7 sacraments); Means people did not have salvation

56
Q

Who were the Albagencians?

A

Taught that all physical and earthy life is EVIL; the only good is the spirit; Most people in this committed suicide because they were taught this; Pope sends troops to crush them

57
Q

Who was Saint Bonaface?

A

Came from England

58
Q

What was the church court?

A

A court that was made for hearing cases to potentially allow people back into the church; overtime became punishment intended

59
Q

What is a Fryer?

A

A traveling preacher

60
Q

Who was St. Bernard of Clairux?

A

Cister Clan order; Became powerful because of a possible miracle

61
Q

What was the Miracle of St. Bernard?

A

Miracles got out as stories and led people to follow / believe in hope and God

World History (13 decks)

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