Middle Ages - Outline 8 Flashcards
In what year did economic expansion begin?
1100 A.D.
What did the new plow lead to?
Led to increased production of food and allowed nobles and freeholders (peasant free to buy land) to migrate/move to new areas
What replaced the Ox Yoke?
Collar Harness
What replaced the oxen?
Horses
What is the three-field system?
Seasonal rotation; every year use 2 fields, and left one foul
Where did new sea routes occur?
Connected Western Europe with Eastern Europe, China, the Mediterranean, Scandinavia, and the middle east
What is lateral mobility?
Ability to move around to different places
What cities became trade centers?
Italian Cities (Venice/Florence/Genoa)
What was the famous trade fairs and were was it?
Each year hundreds of traders would come together to the a trade fair; lasted 4-6 weeks; Took place in Champagne (Eastern France)
After a decline of a land economy, what economy arose?
Money based Economy
Who were the moneychangers?
Usually Jewish or Italian; Determined the value of currency; Exchanged funds/received deposits
What problems with the emergence of towns and cities in 1100?
Overcrowding; No sanitation (the smell of garbage); Rapid spread of disease
What are guilds?
Organizations of business (Merchants and Artisans)
What is a Merchant Guild?
Businessmen; Want to keep a monopoly; Want to keep foreigners out; set uniform prices
What is a Craft Guild?
Regulates the work of Artisans; Put out strict rules of their members; keeping high standards
