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World History > Renaissance - Test > Flashcards

Renaissance - Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the renaissance start in Italy?

A

Started looking at importance of man; Involvement in world/worldly/involvement in city-state; Wealth became important; There was a secular attitude; Began ettiquette (Aristocratic men)

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2
Q

What is humanism?

A

Belief that man had value; Interest in greek and roman values and teachings; Interest in the classics; Revolved around the idea that man has a great deal of value

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3
Q

What is Baldassarre Castiglione’s ‘Book of the Courtier’?

A

Book about man becoming more civilized; expressed the importance of manners and etiquette

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4
Q

What is civic humanism?

A

Community pride

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5
Q

What were the effects of new learning in the Italian renaissance?

A

Humanist began to open schools to teach liberal arts; Humanist were now writing about real people and human emotions; Humanists broke free of writing Latin because it is the language of the church

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6
Q

What were the social classes of the Italian renaissance?

A
  1. Merchants and bankers; 2. Shopkeepers/Artisans; 3. Migrated people from other countries that supported labor; 4. Peasants
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7
Q

What is urbanization?

A

rise of cites

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8
Q

What are independent city-states?

A

Ruled by wealthy families whose fortunes come from commercial trading or banking

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9
Q

What are Signori?

A

One version of signori is a dictator and another is a popular leader that comes to power through favor

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10
Q

What is the condottieri?

A

Mercenaries - Paid to fight; Replaced the citizen-soldiers;

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11
Q

Importance of city-state: Milan

A

Francesco Sforrza - Seized control of Milan; Took control through taxation; Signori

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12
Q

Importance of city-state: Naples

A

Very poor - poor population (mainly peasants) (mainly farming and rural)

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13
Q

Importance of city-state: Florence

A

Under the rule of the powerful banking family the Medici’s; The medics push humanism; Cosimo de’Medici - tried to end a peasant rising; Lorenzo “the magnificent” - Continued to act like his grandfather/brings philosophy; Girolamo Savonarola - Wanted to push out the Medici family/imposed strict rules/hung for heresy

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14
Q

Importance of city-state: The Papal States - Rome

A

Renaissance popes helped rebuild cities; Buildings drew people here - St. Peters Basilica and Vatican Library; Alexander the 6th - apart of the Borsia family, paid cardinals to become the pope; Leo X - owned the country estates; threw away silver silverware and plates after using them

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15
Q

Importance of city-state: Venice

A

City of trade/commerce; the link between Europe and Asia; Cathedral of St. Marks - Byzantine architecture; The ruling group is the Council of Ten who were wealthy merchants

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16
Q

What is a doge?

A

ruling duke

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17
Q

What is a palazzo?

A

Mansion/Palaces

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18
Q

Who was Dante Alighieri?

A

Transitional thinker; wrote the Divine Company

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19
Q

Who is Giovanni Boccaccio?

A

Wrote the Decameron

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20
Q

Who is Francisco Petrarch?

A

“The father of humanism”; First to designed to the middle ages; Brought back interest of Cicero

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21
Q

Who is Leonardo Bruni?

A

“Father of civic humanism”; Explained that we can work in isolation

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22
Q

Who is Lorenzo Valla?

A

Criticism of asceticism (def. denies themselves of world pleasures/strict lifestyles)

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23
Q

Who was Marsilio Ficino?

A

Synthesized platonism (greek influence) and Christianity

24
Q

Who is Pico della Mirandola?

A

Stressed on mans potential and free will; On the Dignity of Man

25
Q

What is the Divine Company about?

A

Renaissance man questioning; who has authority?

26
Q

What is the Decameron about?

A

A 10 year period during the plague; takes a secular view of society

27
Q

What are hermeticists?

A

People who wrote on a lot of subjects; lived man was created as a divine being but decided to move to a material world

28
Q

Who was King Francis?

A

The king of France; Due to his fascination of he Italian renaissance, he brought Leonardo Da Vinci and other Italian artists and scholars to France

29
Q

Who were the Northern European Merchants and what did they do?

A

The northern merchants were people who appreciated wealth, beauty, personal improvement, and many other renaissance values. The began to travel to Italy to study with Italian merchants. They helped emerge this newly educated middle class

30
Q

Who was Johannes Gutenberg?

A

A german metalworker; he is credited for founding a new printing press with a moveable type

31
Q

What was the importance of the printing press?

A

It allowed books to be published faster and the price of the books went down

32
Q

What were some characteristics of the French Renaissance?

A

The french renaissance had a character of its own. The architecture was a blend between gothic and classical.

33
Q

Who was Pierre Ronsard?

A

Wrote sonnets that were inspired by Petrarch’s

34
Q

Who was Michel de Montaigne?

A

A writer who cultivated the personal essay; He wrote “Of the disadvantages of man” which analyzed the authority of royalty

35
Q

Who was Francois Rabelais?

A

The most popular renaissance author; Wrote comic reliefs, satires, and parodies of a broad spectrum of contemporary life

36
Q

What is a satire?

A

Poking fun at something for a reason (contains a message)

37
Q

What are the low countries?

A

Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg

38
Q

Who were the Christian Humanists and what was their objectives?

A

Groups of scholars who believed in the idea that humanist learning and bible study were the best ways to eliminate abuses and restore the simple piety of the early church

39
Q

Who was Erasmus of Rotterdam?

A

The most famous humanist; Wrote In praise of Folly (popes are corrupt)

40
Q

Who was Jan and Hubert Van Eyck?

A

Brothers; Flemish (Belgium); Painted scenes from the bible that were very realistic and sharp in detail

41
Q

Who was Peter Brueghel?

A

Dutch artist who combined Italian technique with the artistic traditions of his homeland

42
Q

Who was Sir Thomas More?

A

Wrote a book, Utopia, that criticized the society of his time by comparing it to an ideal society where all citizens are equal

43
Q

Who is William Shakes spree and Christopher Marlowe?

A

Best known for drama; drew ideas from mythology, legends, and histories

44
Q

What is a Sonnet?

A

A short poem

45
Q

What is The Prince?

A

A treatise in which the politics of the Renaissance were analyzed; Written by Niccolo Machiavelli

46
Q

What is the vernacular?

A

The common language

47
Q

Who is Niccolo Machiavelli?

A

A florentine diplomat; wrote The Prince

48
Q

Who is Filippo Brunelleschi?

A

A florentine architect and engineer; his major works included the dome of the cathedral of Santa

49
Q

Who is Donatello?

A

Florentine sculptor

50
Q

Who is Lorenzo Ghiberti?

A

A florentine artist and sculptor who is well known for the bronze doors of the baptistery of Florence

51
Q

Who is Giotto?

A

A Florentine artist who was known as the “father of european painting”

52
Q

Who is Masaccio?

A

Florentine artist

53
Q

Who is Leonardo da Vinci?

A

Renaissance artist; Well known as the Mona Lisa; “ahead of his time”; Omnitalented

54
Q

Who is Michelangelo?

A

Renaissance artist; Sculptor; Painted the ceiling of the sistine chapel and sculpted the David

55
Q

Who is Benvenuto Cellini?

A

A Florentine sculptor, gold smith, and writer

56
Q

Who is Andra del Castagno?

A

A florentine painter who is well alone for his painting, The Last Supper

57
Q

What was the uniqueness of the northern renaissance?

A

Made the ideas taken from the Italian Renaissance and made them its own; Northern humanists enjoyed the classical writing of Greeks and Romans as the Italians; focused on religion; Worked together to tie classical ethics into Christianity (Christian Humanists)

World History (13 decks)

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