Middle Ages - Outline 7 Flashcards
Why was there a decline of the Roman Empire?
Unstable and decentralized governments - lack of a strong ruler; Feudal states appear ruled by a lord/noble;
As the Roman empire declines, what arises?
Transformation around 1100 - rise of kings/monarchs who rule nation states; Rise of a new middle class/growth of towns
What are the original Germanic Tribes?
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
Who was King Alfred (“Alfred the great”)?
Pushed for literacy; Commissioned the ANGLO-SAXON (a history of England); Unites Anglo Saxon kingdoms - known as “Angle land” or England
Who was William of Normandy (“The Conqueror”)?
Great leader; Gives his noram vassals land so they have something to return to instead of rebelling; Gathered forces of 200-300 boats and 6000 men; created the GREAT COUNCIL (nobles/ church officials/ royal officials; Conducted the first census called the Doomsday book (used to collect taxes)
Who was Henry I?
Created the EXCHEQUER (the department of royal finances; Set up a system of royal courts - Developed a constitutional government
Who was Henry II?
Set up a system of common law (laws that everyone followed in comparison to having individual sets of laws); Created Grand Jury - use of trial
What is the Magna Carta?
Worlds first “Constitution”; Means “Great Charter”
What is the middle class?
A class of which income was acquired by business and trade rather than land
What is the House of Lords?
Nobles and clergy
What is the House of Commons?
Knights and burgesses (government officials)
Who was Louis VI?
Increased role of towns people/clergy; gives self government to towns
Who was Phillip II (“Phillip Augustus)?
Further weakens nobles
Who was Louis IX?
Phillip II’s grandson; Head of Royal courts; Minted coins; bans noble fighting
Who is Phillip IV (“The fair “)
Opposes Pope Boniface VIII; sets up ESTATES GENERAL