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Bio honor > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How and why do crickets chirp?

A

They chirp by rubbing their wings together.

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2
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and chirping for mates?

A

It is directly related because when one goes up, the other goes up.

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3
Q

How do humans detect hot or cold temperatures?

A

Humans have thermoreceptors.

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4
Q

Where do insects have thermoreception?

A

They have it on their antennas.

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5
Q

What type of chart is used to create a trendline?

A

A scatter chart is commonly used.

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6
Q

What does the R2 (R-squared) value tell you?

A

It tells you how dependent a variable is on the other.

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7
Q

Why is it valuable to know the slope of the line?

A

If you get your points, you can see how they compare to the slope.

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8
Q

Who is considered the father of microscopy?

A

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. He was a draper.

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9
Q

Who named the ‘cell’?

A

Robert Hooke.

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10
Q

Why is our microscope called a compound light microscope?

A

It uses two lenses to magnify a light source.

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11
Q

What is the total magnification under low, medium, and high power lens?

A

Low is 40x, medium is 100x, and high is 400x.

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12
Q

When you want to focus on something on high power, what should you do first?

A

You first find the object in low power using the coarse adjustment, then switch to medium power and focus it using the coarse adjustment, finally switch to high power and only use the fine adjustment to focus.

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13
Q

What do we call the microscope part that regulates the amount of light?

A

It is called the diaphragm.

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14
Q

Why do electron microscopes give more detail and have such a high magnification?

A

Electrons have a smaller wavelength than natural light.

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15
Q

Distinguish field of view from depth of field.

A

DOF refers to the area of sharpness behind and in front of the subject. FOV is the area that can be seen through a lens or viewfinder at any particular moment.

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16
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Bacteria, eukarya, archaea. (P: Bacteria, Archaea)

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17
Q

What is the main feature that prokaryotes lack compared to eukaryotes?

A

The main one is the nucleus.

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18
Q

Name one archaebacteria that lives in you.

A

Methanogens are the one that live in you.

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19
Q

Where do we hypothesize that LUCA lived?

A

Deep underground.

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20
Q

What type of prokaryote is cyanobacteria?

A

Cyanobacteria are eubacteria.

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21
Q

What molecule in cyanobacteria absorbs visible light?

A

Chlorophyll allows them to absorb visible light.

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22
Q

What gas did cyanobacteria add to the atmosphere?

A

They added methane.

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23
Q

What term do we use if an organism uses oxygen to oxidize food?

A

Aerobic respiration.

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24
Q

What term do we use when we talk about fermentation to break down our food?

A

We talk about zymology.

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25
Q

Besides photosynthesis, what else can cyanobacteria fix?

A

Cyanobacteria can also fix atmospheric nitrogen.

26
Q

What kingdom do single cell eukaryotes in pond water belong to?

A

They belong to the kingdom Protista.

27
Q

How do you know a photosynthetic protist if you see one?

A

It will have chloroplasts inside of it.

28
Q

What do we call single celled photosynthetic protists that live in the ocean or freshwater?

A

Algae.

29
Q

What do we call the single cell protists that evolved into multicellular animals?

A

Protozoa.

30
Q

What structures do protists use to move?

A

Flagella. It has a tail that they whip around.

31
Q

What cells in humans have the same structures as protists?

A

Epithelial cells and muscle cells.

32
Q

What theory describes how an early protist ingested a cyanobacteria?

A

The endosymbiotic theory.

33
Q

What is the evidence that a chloroplast was once a cyanobacteria?

A

It is because they have similar nuclei to algae.

34
Q

Who proved the endosymbiotic theory?

A

Lynn Margulis.

35
Q

What gives plant cells their strength?

A

Their cell walls and vacuoles.

36
Q

Distinguish cytoplasm from cytosol.

A

Cytoplasm is the entire material within a cell, while cytosol is the liquid portion of that material.

37
Q

What is the famous unicellular cell fungus?

A

Yeast. Humans use it to bake bread and other stuff.

38
Q

How large is an average yeast cell?

A

3-4 micrometers.

39
Q

What are fungal cell walls made of?

A

They are made of chitin and glucans.

40
Q

What do we call the entire fungi?

A

Mycelium.

41
Q

What are the strands that make up the body of fungi?

A

The hyphae.

42
Q

What is the typical fruiting body of a fungus that people like to eat called?

A

Mushrooms.

43
Q

What are mushrooms made of?

A

Mycelium makes up mushrooms.

44
Q

What do fungal fruiting bodies release into the atmosphere?

A

Carbon dioxide.

45
Q

Are fungi autotrophs or heterotrophs?

A

They are heterotrophs, which means they get energy they need to live from other organisms.

46
Q

How do fungi ingest nutrition?

A

By absorption of nutrients.

47
Q

Lichen is a fungus with what symbiote?

A

Alga.

48
Q

What do we call the hyphae that connect plant roots together?

A

We call it a mycorrhizal network.

49
Q

What famous fungus contaminated Alexander Fleming’s petri dish?

A

Penicillium notatum.

50
Q

What two types of cells distinguish animals from the other 5 kingdoms?

A

Muscle tissue cells and nerve cells.

51
Q

How do we ingest our food?

A

We eat orally while fungi feed by absorption of nutrients.

52
Q

What type of cell covers and protects our body?

A

Epithelial cells.

53
Q

Why are cells that cover our body flat shaped?

A

They protect the body from mechanical and chemical insults.

54
Q

Approximately how large is a cheek cell?

A

50-60 micrometers.

55
Q

What evidence do the cells we looked at provide that we are eukaryotes?

A

We have nuclei in our cells.

56
Q

When did the earth form?

A

4.6 billion years ago.

57
Q

When was the first life (a prokaryote)?

A

3.8 billion years ago.

58
Q

When was the first eukaryote (a protist)?

A

2 billion years ago.

59
Q

When was the first multicellular life?

A

1.5 billion years ago.

60
Q

When were you born?

A

July 24, 2010.

Bio honor (4 decks)

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