Unit 1 Flashcards
What are the types of scans? (full names)
CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography)
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
MRI-DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging)
fNIRS (Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy)
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
How does the CAT work?
How is its spatial and temporal resolution?
CAT does 2D X-Ray scans of the brain and stacks them up.
Decent spatial resolution, but can’t compare to MRI. Doctors use them for quick checks.
No temporal resolution (structural!)
How does PET work?
Spatial and temporal resolution?
PET involves injection of radioactive isotope into body and looks at blood movement.
Bad temporal res (it’s just before and after heat map)
Bad spatial res
How does MRI work?
Spatial and temporal?
MRI uses magnetic pulses to get a 3D image of the brain. Density, thickness and volume of grey matter, etc. very precise.
Spatial: best
No temporal
How does fMRI work?
Spatial and temporal resolution?
fMRI uses the same machine but different pulsation from magnets. Looks at hemoglobin or oxygenation in blood. Can convert to a heat map
Decent temporal (every 0.5s)
Very good spatial
How does MRI-DTI work?
Spatial and temporal?
DTI measures fluid flow of cells and can track where cells in the brain begin and end.
Good spatial res (lays over MRI)
No temporal
How does fNIRS work?
Spatial and temporal?
Pros of fNIRS vs. fMRI
fNIRS looks at how much infrared light bounces off blood compared to how much entered during vs. before a task.
Great temporal resolution (1/10th a second)
Bad spatial res (3cm) (and only top of brain)
fNIRS can allow for movement and active tasks. fMRI have to imagine the scenarios.
How does EEG work?
Spatial and temporal?
EEG measures neural activity directly through electrical activity. Shows brain waves.
Temporal: best. (real-time data)
No spatial.
Neuromodulation
Doing something to the brain and observing changes.
TMS
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Shoots a strong magnetic pulse that targets an area and creates a virtual lesion (turns on or off the part).
What’s the difference between cognition and behaviorism?
Cognition: internal mental processes that mediate stimulus-response relationships
Behaviorism: overt responses to stimulus
Behaviorism is observable, cognition is internal.
3 types of data in Cognition research
1) behavioral
2) psychophysiological
3) neuroimaging data
3 common types of behavioral data in Cognition
1) response time
2) accuracy
3) choice
Types of psychophysiological data
1) Skin Conductance (SCR)
- mental process affects our skin electricity conductivity
2) Cardiovascular Activity (EKG)
- heart information
3) Pupil Diameter (pulpilometry)
- eg. risk taking
4) Reflexive Movements
- eye blink, saccades, etc.
Which type of data uses autonomic nervous system?
psychophysiological
unconscious
