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ICT > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Q1: What are the main parts of a computer system?

A

A1: 1) Software, 2) Hardware.

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2
Q

Q2: What are the main components of hardware?

A

A2: 1) Case, 2) Components inside case, 3) Internal and external storage devices.

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3
Q

Q3: What are the components inside the case?

A

A3:
1) CPU,
2) Motherboard,
3) GPU,
4) Sound card,
5) Network interface card,
6) Internal memory,
7) RAM,
8) ROM.

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4
Q

Q4: What are the main types of storage devices?

A

A4:
1) Hard disk drives,
2) Solid disk drives,
3)Optical drives.

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5
Q

Q5: What are the two main types of software?

A

A5:
1) Application software,
2) System software.

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6
Q

Q6: Can you provide examples of application software?

A

A6:
(1) Word processing applications.
(2) Spreadsheet applications.
(3) Database management applications.
(4) Presentation applications.
(5) Graphics editing applications.
(6) Video editing software.
(7) Computer-aided design.
(8) Audio production and editing.
(9) Communication software.
(10) Control software.
(11) Measurement software.

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7
Q

Q7: What are the components of a graphical user interface (GUI)?

A

A7:
(1) Windows.
(2) Icons.
(3) Menus.
(4) Pointers.

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8
Q

Q8: What are some advantages of using a graphical user interface?

A

A8:
(1) Intuitive as files directories are shown as icons.
(2) No need to learn complicated commands.
(3) Easy to use.

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9
Q

Q9: What are some disadvantages of graphical user interfaces?

A

A9:
(1) Use up internal memory.
(2) Large and take up space.
(3) Use CPU more than command-line interfaces.
(4) Can be slower for experienced users.

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10
Q

Q10: What are examples of input and devices?

A

A10: 1) Keyboard, 2) Mouse, 3) Monitor, 4) Speakers, 5) Printer, 6) Camera.

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11
Q

Q11: What are some components included in system software?

A

A11:
(1) Compilers.
(2) Linkers.
(3) Device drivers.
(4) Operating system.
(5) Utilities.

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12
Q

Q12: What are some advantages of using a dialogue-based interface?

A

A12:
(1) Hands-free control.
(2) User does not need to be trained.
(3) Safer when operating machinery.

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13
Q

Q13: What are some disadvantages of using a dialogue-based interface?

A

A13:
(1) Users need to learn which commands can be used.
(2) May be unreliable if there is background noise.
(3) Not suitable for safety-critical commands.
(4) Complex and expensive to program.

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14
Q

Q14: What are the different types of interfaces?

A

vA14: 1) Command-line interface, 2) Graphical user interface, 3) Dialogue-based interface, 4) Gesture-based interface.

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15
Q

Q15: What actions are performed by the arithmetic logic unit (ALU)?

A

A15: 1) Addition and subtraction, 2) Multiplication and division, 3) Comparisons and such.

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16
Q

Q16: What are some advantages of using a command-line interface (CLI)?

A

A16: 1) Requires little processing, 2) Advanced computers operate faster.

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17
Q

Q17: What are some disadvantages of using a command-line interface (CLI)?

A

A17: 1) Commands need to be learnt often, 2) Looks intimidating for new users.

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18
Q

Q18: What are some advantages of using a gesture-based interface?

A

A18:
(1) User does not need a mouse or other input device.
(2) Entering commands is not needed.
(3) User does not have to move to the device.
(4) User does not have to touch the screen

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19
Q

Q19: What are some disadvantages of using a gesture-based interface?

A

A19:
(1) Users have to learn gestures.
(2) System required to recognize gestures.
(3) Motion tracking gloves may be required.
(4) May cause fatigue.

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20
Q

Q20: What are the main actions done by managers?

A

A20:
(1) Manage all hardware devices.
(2) Control all processes running on the computer.
(3) Manage internal memory.

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21
Q

Q21: What are examples of VR in everyday life?

A

A21:
(1) Virtually visiting attractions.
(2) Virtual prototypes for vehicles.
(3) Virtual realistic scenarios before heading into real environments.
(4) Looking at products in Virtual Reality before purchasing.
(5) Trying different colors for different real-life objects.
(6) Testing designs of structures and objects.

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22
Q

Q30: What are some common uses of desktop computers?

A

A30:
1) Office work and business management,
2) Management in education and student learning,
3) Playing computer games,
4) Other entertainment such as movies and editing images.

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23
Q

Q31: How is artificial intelligence utilized?

A

A31: The robot is able to change its own programming to do different tasks differently without human intervention.

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24
Q

Q.32 What is a computer?

A

A.32 A device following a set of instructions to carry out a series of operations.

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25
Q

Q.33 What is a computer system?

A

A.33 Computer combined with other equipment to carry out desired functions.

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26
Q

Q.34 What is hardware?

A

A.34 Physical parts of a computer system that can be touched.

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27
Q

Q.35 What is software?

A

A.35 Programs and applications that give instructions to the computer about what to do.

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28
Q

Q.36 What is a component?

A

A.36 Parts of a computer that make up a whole machine.

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29
Q

Q.37 What is a circuit board?

A

A.37 A rigid board with thin lines of metal to create electric circuits.

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30
Q

Q.38 What is a motherboard?

A

A.38 A main circuit board that can connected to other boards.

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31
Q

Q.39 What is internal memory?

A

A.39 Data storage spaces accessible to CPU.

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32
Q

Q.40 What is a graphics card?

A

A.40 Printed circuit board that controls display screen or monitor.

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33
Q

Q.41 What is a sound board?

A

A.41 Circuit board that controls speakers or headphones.

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34
Q

Q.42 What is a network interface card?

A

A.42 Printed circuit board that allows computer to interact with other networks.

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35
Q

Q.43 What are peripherals?

A

A.43 External devices that provide input and output for computer.

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36
Q

Q.44 What is a command line interface?

A

A.44 Text-based interface that allows user to interact with computer using keyboard.

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37
Q

Q.45 What is a graphical user interface?

A

A.45 Interface that allows a way of interacting with a computer by clicking on icons and symbols.

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38
Q

Q.46 What is a dialogue-based interface?

A

A.46 Interface that allows a person to interact with a computer with the help of speech.

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39
Q

Q.47 What is a gesture-based interface?

A

A.47 Interface that allows computer interaction at a distance with various movements of various parts of body.

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40
Q

Q.48 What is a desktop computer?

A

A.48 Computer system designed to be used at a desk in a fixed position.

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41
Q

Q.49 What are laptops?

A

A.49 Portable computers with same functionality of a computer.

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42
Q

Q.50 What is a tablet?

A

A.50 Thin, flat, and portable computer with touch screen, operating system, and battery.

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43
Q

Q.51 What is a smartphone?

A

A.51 A mobile phone with extra functions that are similar to the abilities of a tablet.

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44
Q

Q.52 What is a phablet?

A

A.52 A smartphone that is bigger than the average smartphone but smaller than the average tablet in terms of display.

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45
Q

Q.53 What is artificial intelligence?

A

A.53 A computer with the ability of human-like thought process and task execution abilities.

46
Q

Q.54 What is machine learning?

A

A.54 Ability of computers learning without being explicitly programmed.

47
Q

Q.55 What is extended reality?

A

A.55 Virtual or combined virtual and real environment.

48
Q

Q.56 What is a computer generated environment?

A

A.56 Use of software to create 3D images of real-life structures and objects.

49
Q

Q.57 What is augmented reality?

A

A.57 Combined virtual and real environment.

50
Q

Q.58 What is a backing storage device?

A

A.58 Secondary storage device that retains data after the computer has been turned off.

51
Q

Q.59 What is virtual reality?

A

A.59 Computer generated environment.

52
Q

Q.60 What is computer generated environment?

A

A.60 Use of software to create 3D, realistic movable objects.

53
Q

Q.61 What is application software?

A

A.61 Programs that carry out operations for specific applications.

54
Q

Q.62 What is system software?

A

A.62 Software that provides services to the computer needed to operate.

55
Q

Q.63 What is an operating system?

A

A.63 Collection of programs to control and manage all software and hardware of the computer.

56
Q

Q.64 What is utility software?

A

A.64 Part of the computer that can analyze, configure, optimize, and maintain a computer to keep it working.

57
Q

Q.65 What are compliers?

A

A.65 Converts program written by a human into a code that a microprocessor can understand.

58
Q

Q.66 What are linkers?

A

A.66 Takes one or more files and combines them into a single executable file.

59
Q

Q.67 What are device drivers?

A

A.67 Allow the computer to interact with external devices.

60
Q

Q.68 What is a process?

A

A.68 Carry out or execute instructions.

61
Q

Q.69 What is a transistor?

A

A.69 Device that regulates current or voltage flow.

62
Q

Q.70 What is digital?

A

A.70 Information presented by certain fixed values rather than as a continuous range.

63
Q

Q.71 What is analogue?

A

A.71 Information presented by quantity with continuous range.

64
Q

Q.72 What is a bit?

A

A.72 Smallest unit for data in a computer with 1 and 0 binary values.

65
Q

Q.73 What is sampling?

A

A.73 Making a physical measurement of a wave at set time intervals.

66
Q

Q.74 What is a digital-to-analogue converter?

A

A.74 A device used to convert digital signals into analogue ones.

67
Q

Q.75 What is an actuator?

A

A.75 Device that allows a machine or device to operate.

68
Q

Q.76 What is a control unit?

A

A.76 Component of central processing unit that directs operation of the processor.

69
Q

Q.77 What is an arithmetic and logic unit?

A

A.77 Part of CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.

70
Q

Q.78 What is a clock?

A

A.78 Quartz crystal that sends pulses to control CPU instruction process speed.

71
Q

Q.79 What are registers?

A

A.79 Memory storage locations in the CPU.

72
Q

Q.80 What are control signals?

A

A.80 Electrical signals sent to all of the devices to give them information.

73
Q

Q.81 What is random access memory (RAM)?

A

A.81 Memory that stores data in applications while being used.

74
Q

Q.82 What is read-only memory (ROM)?

A

A.82 Data pre-installed onto the device which stays after the device has been turned off.

75
Q

Q.83 What is a storage location?

A

A.83 A place in internal memory where a single piece of data can be stored until it is needed.

76
Q

Q.84 What is volatile?

A

A.84 A state where data is permanently lost if the device is turned off.

77
Q

Q.85 What is non-volatile?

A

A.85 A state where data still remains even after the device is turned off.

78
Q

Q.86 What is an input device?

A

A.86 Any hardware that sends data to a computer.

79
Q

Q.87 What is an output device?

A

A.87 Device used to send data from computer to another device or user.

80
Q

Q.88 What is a CPU (central processing unit)/ processor

A

Unit which interprets all the instructions in programs and executes them.

81
Q

What is the functionality of soundcards?

A

soundcards contain digital to analogue converters that allow them to take digital binary numbers and convert them into analogue signals that create a wave of audio.

82
Q

What is the use of digital to analogue converters?

A

Input from different sensors need to be converted from analogue to digital format for the computer to process the data and in order for the data to be output, it must then be converted back into analogue data.

83
Q

What is the functionality of control unit?

A

The control unit coordinates different tasks of the computer and instructs different components on how to execute tasks by sending signals to other parts of the CPU. It also sends signals to different components and manages various parts of the computer alongside instructing the input and output devices.

84
Q

What is functionality of backing storage?

A

Used to store programs, data and information magnetically, optically or in a solid state permanently so that they are not deleted once the computer has been switched off. It does not count as memory as it cannot be accessed by CPU.

84
Q

What is the functionality of external backing store?

A

Being in their own case makes them more portable, allowing data to be safely transported and shared from one computer to another.

85
Q

What is the functionality of Operating system?

A

Operating systems control how the computer behaves and interacts with different peripherals and the user and it is always running in the background.

86
Q

What is functionality of command line interface?

A

Interface requires commands to be typed in, it used by technicians to interact with the entire system.

86
Q

What is advantage of using a smartphone

A

(1) Portable.
(2) Have a touchscreen.
(3) Make calls, send texts, and emails.
(4) Use Wi-Fi.
(5) 4G/5G connectivity.
(6) Apps available.
(7) Integrated camera, speaker, and microphone.

87
Q

What is disadvantage of using a smartphone?

A

(1) Small screen, difficulty reading.
(2) Amount of battery life.
(3) Web browsing drains battery.
(4) Typing may be slow due to size.
(5) Small battery life.
(6) Slow speed of data transfer and compatibility issues.

88
Q

What is functionality of RAM?

A

Software and documents currently in use are stored in RAM and can be accessed in any order. RAM loses all data without electrical power. Affects the speed at which the computer operates as it is accessed directly by the CPU.

88
Q

What is functionality of ROM?

A

Integrated circuit chip that holds instructions that the computer needs to boot up and checks hardware devices for errors. It also stores the BIOs and loads basic software systems. ROM can only be read and stores data once switched off.

89
Q

What is functionality of clock?

A

Defines the rate at which the CPU works by sending out a pulse for each instruction.

90
Q

What is the importance of proper components?

A

All the components must be able to communicate with each other without moving around.

91
Q

What is the importance of proper software?

A

Proper software tells a computer what to do allows the computer to use the hardware components and execute tasks efficiently.

92
Q

What is the importance of understanding analogue to digital conversion

A

Different methods of data units are better for different types of data. This is important to understand as conversion of data may lead to a loss of data or loss of accuracy.

93
Q

What is the advantage of using tablets?

A

(1) Turn on quickly.
(2) Portable.
(3) Easy to use.
(4) Many apps.
(5) Expanded with portable keyboard.
(6) Integrated camera, speaker, and mic.
(7) Tablets with SIM card slots have 4G/5G connectivity.
(8) Use Wi-Fi.

93
Q

What is the disadvantage of using tablets?

A

(1) Expensive.
(2) Expandable memory may not always be available.
(3) May have small battery life.

94
Q

What is the advantage of using desktop?

A

(1) More powerful than other devices.
(2) Larger display.
(3) Easy to upgrade.
(4) Less easy to steal.
(5) Cost less for facilities offered.
(6) Does not need a battery.
(7) Screen at eye level, more comfortable.

95
Q

What is the What is the disadvantage of using desktop?

A

(1) Not portable.
(2) One working area.
(3) Take up space.

96
Q

What is the advantage of using laptop?

A

(1) Excellent for work functions.
(2) Full-sized keyboard.
(3) Light and portable.
(4) Integrated camera, speaker, and microphone.
(5) More expandable than smartphone or tablet.
(6) Use Wi-Fi.

97
Q

What is the disadvantage of using a laptop?

A

(1) Larger and heavier than a smartphone or tablet.
(2) Less expandable than a desktop.
(3) Slower to start than tablets and smartphones.
(4) Have a specific amount of battery life.

98
Q

Which component stores BIOs?

A

ROM.

99
Q

Why does backing storage not count as memory?

A

It cannot be accessed by CPU.

100
Q

What are Transistors?

A

They are on when they transmit electricity and they are off when they do not transmit electricity.

101
Q

What is clock speed?

A

Pulses sent by the clock per second that is used to execute instructions.

102
Q

What are registers?

A

Memory location within the CPU that store instructions and data currently being used by the control unit.

103
Q

What is internal memory?

A

Stores data being used by the system and the instructions currently being executed and the data required for it.

104
Q

What are internal memory?

A

Stores data being used by the system and the instructions currently being executed and the data required for it.

105
Q

What is external backing store?

A

Backing storage in their own cases connected via cable.

106
Q
A
107
Q
A
107
Q
A

ICT (20 decks)

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