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IB History > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the North American tribe regions?

A

Arctic, Subarctic, PNW/Northwest Coast, Columbia Plateau, California, Great Basin, Southwest, Great Plains, Eastern Woodlands.

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2
Q

What was the Political Structure of the Arctic?

A

Family Units (sometimes a clan chief)

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3
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the Arctic?

A

Hunting (caribou, walruses, seals, whales)

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4
Q

What was the Social Structure of the Arctic?

A

Seasonally migratory
- igloos, sod houses
- canoes, kayaks, sleds
- kinship
-animism and shamanism; amulets

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5
Q

How do the further south/coastal Arctic tribes differ from the rest?

A

They were more sedentary and organized.

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6
Q

What were the Notable Arctic tribes?

A

Inuit, Yupik, Aleuts

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7
Q

What was the Political Structure of the Subarctic?

A

Family units

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8
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the Subarctic?

A

Nomadic Hunter/Gatherers (moose, caribou, bison, beaver)

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9
Q

What was the Social Structure of the Subarctic?

A

Ethos of personal responsibility but communal mentality.
- bands of 20-30; usually family
- seasonal gatherings
- toboggans and snowshoes, rabbit-skinned baskets
- animism and shamanism
- divination; shoulder blades

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10
Q

What were the Notable Subarctic tribes?

A

Cree, Ojibwa

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11
Q

What was the Population of the North West Coast tribes?

A

130k / dozens of languages

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12
Q

What was the climate in the Northwest Coast?

A

The mild climate gave them time for art.
- forests = wood for canoes and houses.

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13
Q

What was the Political Structure of the North West Coast?

A

Local Chieftans

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14
Q

What was the Social Structure of the Northwest Coast?

A

Hierarchy based on wealth.
- Potlatch - gathering, gifts
- transformation masks
- totem poles
- animism/shamanism.

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15
Q

What were the notable tribes of the Northwest Coast?

A

Chinook, Makah

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16
Q

What tribe region had potlatches?

A

PNW/Northwest coast

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17
Q

What was the Political Structure of the Columbia Plateau?

A

Varied
- Some had consensus
- Others had Chief with voting
- Flathead = Chief

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18
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the Columbia Plateau?

A

Hunter/Gatherers
-fish salmon
-dalles linked trade with CA and Plains region (and beyond)

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19
Q

What was the Social Structure of Columbia Plateau?

A

Villages in winter/”semi-permanent” camps elsewise.
- relative social equality (except of slaves)
- animism/shamanism

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20
Q

What caused the Columbia Plateau to become more nomadic?

A

Horses made them adopt Plains culture.

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21
Q

What were the Notable Tribes of the Columbia Plateau?

A

Nez Perce, Walla Walla, Flathead.

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22
Q

What was the population of the California region?

A

300,000 / 100 languages

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23
Q

What kind of climate did the California region have?

A

A diverse climate

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24
Q

What was the Political Structure of the California Region?

A

Chiefs

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25
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the California Region?

A

Cultivated tobacco but large h/g population
- trade networks

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26
Q

What was the Social Structure of the California region?

A

Women gathered acorns; men fished/hunted.
- animism/shamanism

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27
Q

What were the notable tribes of California Region?

A

Chumash, Miwok

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28
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the Great Basin?

A
  • Tool Caches
  • Traded (obsidian, clothing, hides)
  • Pine nuts = diet
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29
Q

What was the Climate of the Great Basin?

A

Diverse climate with mountains and deserts

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30
Q

What was the Social Structure of the Great Basin?

A

Seasonal lives
- adaptable
- wintered in villages; summered as nuclear families
-grandparents = caregivers
-Religion: animal spirits; “water babies”

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31
Q

Which tribe had Water Babies?

A

Great Basin

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32
Q

What were the Notable Tribes in the Great Basin?

A

Shoshone, Bannock, Ute

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33
Q

What was the Political Structure of the Southwest?

A

Bands composed of extended families
-male head served on the council
-many bands =tribe
-functioned informally by consensus

34
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the Southwest?

A

Dependent on proximity to water
- nearby = agriculture (maize, beans, squash)
- further away = hunter/gatherer

35
Q

What was the Social Structure of the Southwest?

A
  • Gender roles
  • Adobe homes
    -Animism and Shamanism
36
Q

What were the Notable Southwest Tribes?

A

Anasazi (pottery, architecture), Hohokam (irrigation), Pueblos (pottery, dolls), Navajo, and Apache

37
Q

What was the Political Structure of the Great Plains?

A

Tribal Chiefs (elected through war)

38
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the Great Plains?

A

H/G (buffalo)
-tipis

39
Q

What was the Social Structure of the Great Plains?

A
  • gender roles
    -status through war
    -relgion varied (some mono other poly)
    -animism/shamanism
  • wakans, sun dance
40
Q

What tribe region had the Sun Dance?

A

Great Plains

41
Q

What were the Notable Great Plains tribes?

A

Sioux, Crow, Arapaho.

42
Q

What is Animism?

A

the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe.

43
Q

What is Shamanism?

A

Shamans believe they can communicate with both living and dead to alleviate unrest, unsettled issues, and to deliver gifts to the spirits

44
Q

What were the Eastern Woodlands Southeast Politics and Economics?

A

-Misssissippian Cultures
- mound builders, long distance trade
-Later Cultures
- chiefs (peace and war)
- Hunting, Agriculture (corn sunflower)

45
Q

What was the East Woodlands Southeast Social Structure?

A

-Civil religious hierarchy
- Matrilineal descent (mother side)
- villages and towns w/palisades
-animism/shamanism

46
Q

What were the Notable East Woodlands Southeast tribes?

A

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creeks

47
Q

What was the Eastern Woodlands Northeast Politics?

A

Warfare
-some tribes = village bands w/chief
- Iruquois = 5 nations; democracy

48
Q

What was the Economic Structure of the Eastern Woodlands Northeast?

A

Trade with wampum currency made of beads and shells

49
Q

What was the Eastern Woodlands Northeast Social Structure?

A

Hierarchy
-Matrilineal (Iroquois), others Patrilineal
- Villages (longhouses) - each clan had spirit animal
-animism and shamnism

50
Q

What were the Notable Tribes of the Eastern Woodlands: Northeast?

A

Wampanoag, Tuscarora

51
Q

Where were the Aztecs located?

A

Mexico

52
Q

Where were the Maya located?

A

Central America (Mexico and Guatemala)

53
Q

Where were the Inca Located?

A

Western South America

54
Q

Describe the climate of the Aztecs.

A

Arid

55
Q

Describe the climate of the Mayans.

A

Rainforest (they would slash and burn)

56
Q

Describe the climate of the Inca.

A

Mountains (terrace farming)

57
Q

What was the capital city of Aztec?

A

Tenochtitlan (bigger than London), city on lake

58
Q

Were the Maya, Aztec, or Inca most famous for their calendar?

A

Maya

59
Q

Did the Maya, Aztec, or Inca have 2500 miles of roads and bridges?

A

Inca

60
Q

Which civilization grew potatoes and tomatoes?

A

Inca

61
Q

Which civilization was biggest on human sacrifice?

A

Aztects

62
Q

Polytheistic (M/I/A)

A

MIA

63
Q

Settled in south America. (M/I/A)

A

I

64
Q

Economy heavily based on agriculture. (M/I/A)

A

MIA

65
Q

Practiced ritualistic human sacrifice (M/I/A)

A

MIA

66
Q

Located in the rainforests of Mexico and Central America (M/I/A)

A

M

67
Q

Collected tribute from conquered peoples (M/I/A)

A

A

68
Q

Bult pyramids for religious purposes (M/I/A)

A

MIA

69
Q

Power was centralized in the hands of one emperor (M/I/A)

A

AI

70
Q

City-States, each had a king (M/I/A)

A

M

71
Q

Created a road system (M/I/A)

A

I

72
Q

Major city = Machu Picchu (city in clouds) (M/I/A)

A

I

73
Q

Created accurate calendars. (M/I/A)

A

MIA

74
Q

Obsessed with blood (M/I/A)

A

A

75
Q

Created a written language (M/I/A)

A

MA

76
Q

Defeated by the spanish? (M/I/A)

A

AI

77
Q

Staple crop was maize (corn) (M/I/A)

A

MIA

78
Q

Put (M/I/A) on the timeline in order of first to last

A

MAI

79
Q

Had a civil war (M/I/A)

A

MI

80
Q
A

IB History (3 decks)

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