Civil Rights Movement Extended Flashcards
SNCC and Mississippi (1961–64)
A regional focus on SNCC’s civil rights efforts in Mississippi, emphasizing local voter registration campaigns.
E.D. Nixon
A local NAACP leader involved in organizing the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Jo Ann Robinson
An organizer in Montgomery who played a key role in initiating the bus boycott.
James Lawson
An activist known for training demonstrators in nonviolent protest techniques.
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
The organization that coordinated the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Project Confrontation (“Project C”) (1963)
A codename for a specific nonviolent protest strategy employed during the Birmingham Campaign.
Children’s Crusade (1963)
A term referring to the involvement of youth in the Birmingham protests.
Kennedy’s Civil Rights Bill Proposal (1963)
A specific legislative proposal by President Kennedy preceding major civil rights laws.
Laurie Pritchett
A local law enforcement official associated with managing civil rights protests in Albany.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (1964)
A political organization that challenged Mississippi’s all-white delegation at the Democratic National Convention.
Mississippi Burning (1964)
The murder of civil rights workers in Mississippi, symbolizing extreme resistance to desegregation.
FBI Surveillance of Civil Rights Leaders (1960s)
A description of the FBI’s monitoring and harassment of civil rights activists.
Integration of Southern Schools (1965–1970)
A prolonged process of desegregating public schools in the Southern United States.
Everett Dirksen
A U.S. Senator notable for his role in garnering support for the Civil Rights Act.
Sheriff Jim Clark
A local law enforcement figure in Selma known for his harsh tactics against demonstrators.
Mississippi Freedom Schools
Educational initiatives during Freedom Summer aimed at teaching African American students about their rights.
Split in the Civil Rights Movement (Mid–1960s)
The internal division within civil rights organizations over strategy and ideology.
Nation of Islam (NOI) Growth (1930s–1960s)
A description of the expansion of the NOI and its influence on African American identity.
Meredith March (1966)
A local protest march in Mississippi highlighting voter registration efforts.
Martin Luther King Jr.’s Chicago Campaign (1966)
A lesser-known initiative by MLK to address housing discrimination in Chicago.
Rise of Affirmative Action (Late 1960s)
The emergence of policies designed to address racial inequality in education and employment.
Elijah Muhammad
Leader of the Nation of Islam, known for promoting Black separatism.
Kerner Commission Report (1968)
A government report analyzing the causes of urban unrest and racial inequality.
Radicalization of SNCC (1966–1967)
The shift in SNCC’s strategies from nonviolence to a more militant Black Power approach.
CORE’s Shift (1965–1968)
The transformation in CORE’s approach from nonviolence to a more radical stance.
Assassination of Fred Hampton (1969)
The killing of a Black Panther leader during a police raid, emblematic of government suppression.
Decline of Black Power (1970s)
The gradual weakening of the Black Power movement due to internal divisions and external pressures.
FBI’s COINTELPRO (1967–1971)
A covert FBI program aimed at disrupting and discrediting civil rights and Black Power organizations.
Wilmington Ten Case (1972)
A legal case involving the wrongful conviction of civil rights activists.
Floyd McKissick
A leader associated with CORE’s later shift toward Black Power ideologies.
Fred Hampton
A Black Panther leader whose assassination highlighted tensions between radical movements and law enforcement.
Ghetto Riots (1964–1968)
A series of urban uprisings in response to systemic inequality and police brutality in Black communities.
