Unit 1 Flashcards
Reference Maps
Provide General Info and location
What types of reference maps are there?
Locator, Political, physical, plat, road
Locator Map
A map to help you find something. LOCATE
Political Maps
Shows human created boundaries, cities, and capitals (think of stack the states)
Physical Maps
Natural Features
Plat Maps
Show and label property lines and details of ownership
Road Maps
Highways and streets
Define Thematic Maps
Display spatial aspects of a phenomenon, usually specific data. (EX: How may people in Texas voted for a republican representative?)
What types of Thematic Maps are there?
Chloropleth, Dot distribution, graduated symbol, isoline
Chloropleth maps
uses various colors or patterns to show data (ex: darker the color, greater the population)
Dot distribution
Uses dots to show frequency of something
Graduated Symbol
Symbol of different sizes show different amounts (as the symbol gets bigger, the amount increases)
isoline
Uses lines to show variations of data. Think of weather and elevation maps
Define Cartograms
Think of those funny looking maps, Non contagious, contiguous, and dorling
Non contiguous
The features are not connected (usually countries or states). They get bigger or smaller depending on their quantified value.
Contiguous
The features are connected and size distorts to show a specific variable
Dorling
Uses geometric shapes to show the amount of something
What do map projections do to shape, area, distance, and direction?
They distort spatial relationships?
Map projections are SADD because they distort
Size, Area, Distance, And Direction
Mercator map
Purpose is navigation because it keeps consisten angles, especially up close.
Peters Equal Area
- Sizes and Area are accurate, but vertically stretched up and down (stretchy near equator)
Robinson Map
all areas are kind of distorted, good balance
Prime Meridian
0 degrees longitude
Equator
0 degrees latitude
Tropic of Cancer
23 degrees 26 minutes north
Tropic of Capricorn
23 degrees 26 minutes south
Lines of longitude are similar to
Y axis
Lines of latitude can be compared to the
X axis
Absolute location
Can be address, latitude and longitude, EXACT, PRECISE
Relative Location
Where something is in comparison to places you know (Oh that restaurant is south of my house)
Absolute Distance
Precise, Miles, KM, feet.
Relative distance
Think about SPATIAL INTERACTION, and how amazon has decreased the relative distance of things through connections
Time Space Compression
Shrinking of time distance between locations because of transportation and communication
How do you measure coordinates?
Degrees, then minutes, then seconds
The study of population is
Demography
How does the amount of people somewhere impact society?
It will determine policies, procedures and funding
GPS
Satellites measure absolute location with GPS receivers, USED FOR NAVIGATION
Aerial Photography
What it sounds like, pictures taken from the sky
GIS
Computers that store data on different features, layers could be of crime, pollution, or really can measure anything
Remote Sensing
Cameras or sensors on satellites that collect images of earths surface to monitor weather, the environment, and other large scale things
What questions do you ask as a geographer?
What? Where? Why there? Why care? Patterns?
Sense of Place is
Factors that contribute to the uniqueness
Cultural landscape
Physical artifacts that make up landscape
Placelessnesss
No distinct attributes, like a strip mall
Toponym
Locations name
Site
Environmental features (think, what is in my sight?)
Situation
Where something is situated in relation to other places
What do geographers emphasize?
Patterns, processes to make connections
Spatial Patterns
Refers to distribution
Distribution includes what?
Density, concentration, and pattern
Density
Amount of something in space, dense or sparse
Concentration can be
Clustered or dispersed (how it is spread out)
Clustering
When objects in an area are close together
Dispersed
When objects in an area are far apart
Pattern
How objects are arranged in space
Linear distribution
Phenomena are arranged in a straight line
Circular
Phenomena are usually spaced from a central point, forming a circle
Geometric
Phenomena are in a regular arrangement
random
Phenomena have no order
What is spatial interaction?
Connections, contacts, movement and flow of things between places
Distance decay
The interaction between two places declines as the distance increases due to cultural and physical barriers
First Law of Geography
Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.
What is scale
How zoomed in or out a map or image is, VISIBILITY
Small scale
Small details
Large scale
Large details
Cartographic scale refers to
Inches or centimeters to real life scale on map, can be a fraction (RF), a written statement, or a graphic bar
Geographic scale
What territory is shown by the map
Examples of geographic scale
Global, regional, national, or local
Scale of analysis
How data is combined on a map, what is being surveyed
Examples of scale of analysis
Local, national, global, regional
What are the types of regions?
Formal, nodal, or vernacular
Formal regions
Defined by boundaries, think stack the states
Functional regions (nodal)
Have a center or node or focal point
Perceptual regions
Regions defined by a mindset, like the American south or china town
Regionalization
A tendency of countries to form decentralized regions (AKA being more loyal to something else, their own region rather than the bigger picture)
Enviornmental determinsisim believes
The environment determines cultural factors
Environmental possibilism
Human behavior is bot limited by the environment, our innovation determines it (think of the drainage of water in Greenland bro)
