4.4 And 4.5: Boundaries Flashcards
How are boundaries made?
Making boundaries involves defining, delimitation, demarcation, and administration
What is defining in boundary creation?
When you decide where the boundary will be using legal documentation.
What is delimitation in boundary creation?
Drawing where the boundary will be on a map
What is demarcation in boundary creation?
Putting a boundary marker, a physical representation of where the boundary is (wall, stones, etc)
What is administration in boundary creation?
Controlling a border, such as the flow of goods, or movement of people.
how can we classify boundaries?
By how they are used, how they were created (genetic), and how they are shaped.
What are the ways to genetically classify borders?
Antecedent, and subsequent. The two types of subsequent borders are superimposed and consequent.
Antecedent boundaries
Boundaries that are drawn out before people start living in the area
Subsequent boundaries
Any boundary created people settle into an area.
Superimposed boundaries
A type of subsequent boundary in which an OUTSIDE POWER draws the boundary in no regard to the culture or group already there. Usually ends badly.
Give an example of a superimposed boundary
The Berlin Conference. People in Europe divided up area based on resources they wanted to acquire. However this ended up causing many tribal disputes.
Consequent Boundaries
A type of subsequent boundary in which the borders are made with consideration of the groups living there. This usually ends well, and eases tensions within and between the states.
What are the ways to classify boundaries based off of how people use them?
Relic, militarized, and open (this one is obvious).
Relic Boundaries
Relic boundaries are boundaries that are no longer formally used, but their effects still can be seen in the where people live, or how the physical landscape looks. For instance, the Great Wall of China.
Militarized Border
A Border that is so heavily watched, and unregulated movement can cause an outbreak of war. An example of this are the borders of Korea.
Geometric boundaries
Borders that are straight lines. They do not follow the physical terrain.
Give some examples of physical boundaries
Desert boundaries, mountain boundaries, and water boundaries.
Provide some characteristics of desert boundaries
They are difficult to cross, pretty good boundary (not the best though)
Provide some characteristics of mountain boundaries
Efficient boundaries, most people won’t live there, and any enemies will have a hard time moving through
Provide some characteristics of water boundaries
Water boundaries are less permanent because water levels change over time.
Name the type of boundary disputes states may have.
Positional, territorial, resources, functional
What is a positional dispute
Otherwise known as a definitional dispute, positional disputes are when states are in debate of WHERE to out the border. (Its position)
What is a territorial dispute?
States are disputing about the ownership of land AROUND the border. (NOT WHERE TO PUT IT). This is also called a locational dispute.
What happens in a rescources dispute
States debate on who gets the resources found on the border. AKA an allocation dispute.
What happens in a functional dispute
States dispute on policies regarded the security of borders. Also known as an operational dispute.
When was the law of the sea created, and who was it made by?
It was made in 1982 by the UN
What does the law of the sea state?
12 nautical miles from the coast of a country is under it’s complete sovereignty. The state is responsible for sanitation and immigration 24 nautical miles from the coast. The EEZ is 200 nautical miles from the coast, and there the country can use the space for exploitation and exploration. Anything else is open water.
Does the EEZ cause conflict?
Yes
Explain the situation of China and Ocean Territory
China has done many things in order to gain more nautical control. One way they did this was drawing the 9 dash line, which disregards the Law Of The Sea, and they use it for historical reasons. They also are claiming the Spartly islands, and building their own islands in the sea. The goal is claim over the South China Sea. Thewhy is for fisheries, oil, and gas.
What is an exclave
Exclaves are part of a state that is physically separate from the rest of itself, but politically together. For instance, Alaska is separated from the US, but is still a state.
What is an enclave (political borders)
Enclaves are a state inside a state, but it’s politically separate.
