Unit 1-1 Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that has mass & volume
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be reduced to a simpler form (gold, Iron, silicon)
What is a compound?
A combination of 2 or more elements (Water, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.)
What is a molecule?
The smallest molecule that can exist and still retain its identity
(you can break down water until you are left with 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen)
What is an atom?
Basic building block of matter
What makes up an atom?*
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Describe the charge, location, and mass of electrons, protons, and neutrons*
Electrons –
In the outer orbit of the atom*
Negatively charged
Very small mass
Protons –
Positively charged
At the center of the atom
Same mass as the neutron
Neutrons –
Neutral charge
At the center of the atom
Same mass as the proton
Most things in nature exist as _____.
molecules
What can be added or removed from an atom?*
What stays constant?*
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
What is an ion?*
Compare a negative ion and a positive ion
An atom with an excess or deficiency of electrons
Negative Ion (neg. charge) = extra electrons
Positive Ion (positive charge) = deficiency of electrons
What are free electrons?*
Where are they located?
Electrons that can “easily” move in/out of an atom
Creates electrical properties when moved
In the outer shell orbit of an atom
What is valance?
What two things does it determine?
Number of chemical bonds that can form in an atom
How many free electrons in an atom
The electrical properties of a substance (conductor, insulator, or semiconductor)
What is the valance orbit?*
What if it is full? Empty?
The outer most orbit of an atom*
If it is full – it cannot accept “more” electrons easily
If it is empty (near empty) – it will accept “more” electrons easily
What are conductors?*
Example(s)?
Elements with a near empty outer orbit
Gold
Silver
Copper
What are insulators?*
Examples?
Materials with no room for free electrons in the outer orbit under normal conditions
Plastic
Air
Glass
Teflon
