understanding and treating mental health problems

Question 1

what is aetiology

Answer 1

the origin cause of a disorder

Question 2

what did hippocrates argue

Answer 2

• concept of the 4 humours
• mental health disorders are like any other disease of the body

Question 3

what did galen say

Answer 3

• humoural theory of disorders

Question 4

what is humanism

Answer 4

• renaissance
• worldview emphasising human welfare
• decline of supernatural explanations for mental illness

Question 5

what is Bedlam

Answer 5

hospital of saint mary od bethlehem
- very harsh, inhumane conditions
- public show for visitors

Question 6

what did Pinel do in the reform movement

Answer 6

• moral treatment
• unchained inmates at la bicetre hospital
• advocated mental guidance and humane techniques

Question 7

what did william tuke do in the reform movement

Answer 7

• established the york retreat of england
• county asylums Act of 1845 which extended colonies

Question 8

what did dorothea diz do in the reform movement

Answer 8

• mental hygiene movement - reforming asylums and improving conditions

Question 9

what did richard von krafft ebing find

Answer 9

link between general paresis and syphilis

Question 10

what did emil kraepelin find

Answer 10

• importance of brain pathology in mental health disorder
• system for classifying symptoms into discrete syndromes - DSM
• measured effects of drugs
• treatments - lobotomy

Question 11

what is the medical model

Answer 11

• behaviour affected by changes in the brain/nervous system
• mental health problems viewed in the same way as physical illness

Question 12

what are the implications of the medical model

Answer 12

• dichotomy between normal and disordered states
• biological factors are primary in development of disorder
• diagnosis treated not individual

Question 13

what are the types of therapies

Answer 13

• drug therapy
• electroconvulsive therapy
• psychosurgery

Question 14

what is issues with diagnosis and classification

Answer 14

• reliability - boundaries between disorders can be unclear
• cross-cultural inconsistencies

Question 15

what is the role of culture in diagnosis

Answer 15

• what is considered normal in one society might not be in another
• culturally bound syndromes are specific to a certain place - 25 were listed in DSM

Question 16

what is ataque de nervios

Answer 16

• people of latino descent - intense emotional upset

Question 17

what is taijin kyofusho

Answer 17

• in japan - anxiety ad avoidance of social situations in fear that one’s actions will offend others

Question 18

what are the benefits of diagnosis

Answer 18

• allows a way of understanding and communicating whats happening for patients and clinicians
• explains what people are experiencing
• can reduce blame and guilt
• not alone
• guides decisions about treatment plans
• facilitates access to services and support

Question 19

what is a disadvantage of diagnosis

Answer 19

• labelling
• rosenhan - pseudopatient study
• being sane in insane places

Question 20

what did Harris et al 1992 find about stigma and self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

• ADHD
• pairs of boys 6-12
• rated highly because they expected the behaviour

Question 21

what must alternatives to medical model do

Answer 21

• bennet
• make no dichotomy between normal and disordered states
• consider social and psychological factors
• make the individual the focus of treatment
• consider non-pharmacological interventions as primary

Question 22

what is the dimensional approach

Answer 22

• mental health disorders exist on a spectrum
• doesn’t address processes/maintaining disorder