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psychological approaches to therapy > psychodynamic approaches to mental health problems > Flashcards

psychodynamic approaches to mental health problems Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychological formulation

A
  • co-constructing hypothesis - origins of person’s difficulties
  • has diagnostic label but doesn’t impact treatment
  • aims to identify processes that led to and maintain problems faced by the individual
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2
Q

who is Anna O or Bertha Pappenheim

A
  • Freud worked with whilst under hypnosis
  • physical symptoms - weakness, paralysis
  • under hypnosis spoke on past traumas and symptoms were cured
  • behaviour influenced by unconscious
  • talking therapy
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3
Q

what are Freud’s levels of consciousness

A
  • conscious
  • preconscious
  • unconscious
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4
Q

what is the tripartite model

A
  • id, ego and superego
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5
Q

what did helmoltz propose

A
  • conservation of energy - not created or destroyed - transferred to one thing to another
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6
Q

what did brucke propose

A

all living things are energy systems

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7
Q

how did Freud discuss psychic energy and the instincts

A
  • psychic energy
  • personality - energy system - transformations and transference of psychic energy from one part to another shape personality
  • instincts are the source of energy in behaviour
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8
Q

what is eros

A

life instinct
- preservation of self and species, sexual drive

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9
Q

what is thanatos

A

death instinct
- self destruction, aggressive drive

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10
Q

what is the id

A
  • unconscious
  • present from birth
  • pleasure principle
  • selfish
  • if needs delayed id used primary process thinking
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11
Q

what is the ego

A
  • conscious and preconscious
  • develops around 6 months
  • reality principle
  • mediator between id and reality
  • secondary process thinking
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12
Q

what is the superego

A
  • conscious, preconscious and unconscious
  • social and moral standards
  • morality principle
  • what’s right and what’s wrong
  • made up of conscience and ego ideal
  • inhibits id impulses
  • can become too harsh or restrictive
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13
Q

what is the oral stage

A

0-2
sucking

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14
Q

what is the anal stage

A

2-3
retention/elimination of faeces

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15
Q

what is the phallic stage

A

3-6
genitals

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16
Q

what is the latency stage

A

6-12
sexual inhibitions

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17
Q

what is the genital stage

A

12+
development of adult sexuality

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18
Q

when are the oedipus and electra complex

A

phallic stage

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19
Q

what is the oedipus complex

A
  • mother as love object
  • identification
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20
Q

what fixations are in the oral stage

A

dependence, depression, guilt, mistrust

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21
Q

what are anal fixations

A

tidiness, obsessive behaviours, stubbornness

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22
Q

what are phallic fixations

A
  • antisocial personality, difficulties in romantic relationships, aggression
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23
Q

what are latency fixations

A

problems with self control

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24
Q

what are genital fixations

A

identity diffusion

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25
Q

what are neuroses

A
  • originate in childhood, symptoms are triggered by stress or crisis
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26
Q

what is healthy development according to Freud

A
  • passing through stages successfully
  • development of successful ego and superego
  • adequate defence mechanism
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27
Q

what is neurotic development according to Freud

A
  • frustration of sexual impulses or inhibition instincts by ego - repression
  • transforming frustrated sexual impulses into neurotic symptoms
  • inadequate defence mechanisms
28
Q

how does OCD develop according to Freud

A
  • fear id impulses - defence mechanisms
  • battle between opposing forces
  • fixation at anal stage
29
Q

how does depression develop according to Freud

A
  • similar to grieving - regression to oral stage
  • introjection of negative feelings
30
Q

what are the goals of Freud’s therapy

A
  • make unconscious conscious again
  • strengthen ego
  • make superego more humane
31
Q

what client’s did Freud not work

A
  • people with psychosis
  • not above age 50
  • reasonable degree of education
32
Q

how did Freud’s sessions run

A
  • 4 sessions a week - 45 minutes each
33
Q

what is the free association technique

A
  • allow mind to wonder freely and report everything even if traumatic
  • unconscious material becomes conscious
34
Q

what is resistance

A
  • anything that works against the therapy
  • not adhering to the fundamental rule
  • ego protects itself from repressed id
35
Q

what is the transference technique

A
  • clients perceive analysts as reincarnations of key figures in life
  • transfer onto them emotions and feelings associated with past relationship
  • learn about more important relationships
36
Q

what is the interpretation technique

A
  • constructions or explanations
  • what has happened to clients
  • repressed unconscious material becomes conscious
  • understand id impulses
37
Q

what did Freud say dreams were

A
  • the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious mind
  • function of dreams is wish fulfilment
  • disguised hallucinatory fulfilments of prepressed sexual infantile wishes
  • latent vs manifest content
  • dream work - complex mental process of disguise involving condensation, displacement and symbolism
38
Q

what was the wolf man case study

A
  • Freud considered him to be ‘cured’
  • presented with dramatic symptoms
  • had a dream the night before 4th birthday
  • dreams give insight into repressed wishes
39
Q

what are the aspects of dream analysis

A

distortions
- reversals
- condensation
- symbolism

40
Q

what did Carl Jung say was wrong about Freud’s approach

A
  • that human motivation is exclusively sexual
  • that the unconscious mind is entirely personal and peculiar to an individual
41
Q

what are the levels of consciousness according to jung

A
  • conscious
  • personal unconscious
  • collective unconscious
42
Q

what is the collective consciousness

A
  • images, potentialities, predispositions that have been inherited from ancestors
  • never been conscious
  • a blueprint for life
  • made up of archetypes
43
Q

what are jung’s archetypes

A
  • persona - public personality
  • anima - feminine side in males
  • animus- masculine side in females
  • shadow - dark side of personality
  • self - personality as a whole
44
Q

how did jung define psychic energy

A
  • libido and other motivating forces
45
Q

how does jung define compensation

A
  • balance or adjust energy distributed through the psyche
46
Q

how does jung define transcendent function

A
  • synthesising process which can remove some of the separation between conscious and unconscious
47
Q

what is the individuation of the self

A
  • person becomes differentiated as a separate psychological individual, distinct from collective psychology
  • integration of unconscious and conscious into whole self
48
Q

what are the psychological attitude types according to jung

A
  • extraversion
  • introversion
49
Q

what are the 4 function types according to jung

A
  • thinking and feeling
  • sensation and intuition
50
Q

what is hysteria according to jung

A
  • extreme extraversion
  • libido withdrawn from inner world
  • over concern with influence in social relationships
51
Q

what is schizophrenia according to Jung

A
  • extreme introversion
  • libido withdrawn from reality
  • world of fantasy and archetypes
52
Q

what are jung’s views on neuroses

A
  • imbalance between conscious and unconscious
  • symptoms are a form of adaption created as part of individuation
53
Q

what are the goals of jung’s therapy

A
  • attain specific goals, deal with complexes, strengthen consciousness
  • understand own inner being and meaning in life
54
Q

how does jung’s therapy run

A
  • individual
  • eye to eye
  • 2-3 sessions a week
  • break after 10 weeks
  • not a cure just support
55
Q

what are the stages of jung’s therapy

A

1 - confession - any secrets
2 - elucidation - interprets
3 - education - new and adaptive habits
4 - transformation - individuation, acceptance of self

56
Q

what is the analysis of transference technique

A
  • understand projections that take place from client to therapist
57
Q

what is the active imagination technique

A
  • get in touch with unconscious material
  • may use dreams to start
58
Q

what are jung’s stages of dream analysis

A
  • amplification
  • interpretation
  • assimilation
59
Q

what is amplification in dream analysis

A
  • elaboration and clarification of dream images to establish context
  • direct association
60
Q

what is interpretation in dream analysis

A
  • keep record of dreams and interpretations - dream series
61
Q

what is assimilation in dream analysis

A
  • client and therapist make conscious sense of dreams
  • clients assent of therapists interpretation
62
Q

according to eysenck how many people were cured from psychotherapy

A

44%

63
Q

according to eysenck how many people were not cured from psychotherapy

A

56%

64
Q

how can we measure how effective psychotherapy is

A
  • randomised controlled trials
65
Q

what did smith and glass find about psychotherapy

A

average person receiving treatment is better off than 75% untreated

66
Q
A

psychological approaches to therapy (6 decks)

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