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psychological approaches to therapy > psychodynamic approaches to mental health problems > Flashcards

psychodynamic approaches to mental health problems Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychological formulation

A
  • co-constructing hypothesis - origins of person’s difficulties
  • has diagnostic label but doesn’t impact treatment
  • aims to identify processes that led to and maintain problems faced by the individual
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2
Q

who is Anna O or Bertha Pappenheim

A
  • Freud worked with whilst under hypnosis
  • physical symptoms - weakness, paralysis
  • under hypnosis spoke on past traumas and symptoms were cured
  • behaviour influenced by unconscious
  • talking therapy
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3
Q

what are Freud’s levels of consciousness

A
  • conscious
  • preconscious
  • unconscious
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4
Q

what is the tripartite model

A
  • id, ego and superego
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5
Q

what did helmoltz propose

A
  • conservation of energy - not created or destroyed - transferred to one thing to another
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6
Q

what did brucke propose

A

all living things are energy systems

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7
Q

how did Freud discuss psychic energy and the instincts

A
  • psychic energy
  • personality - energy system - transformations and transference of psychic energy from one part to another shape personality
  • instincts are the source of energy in behaviour
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8
Q

what is eros

A

life instinct
- preservation of self and species, sexual drive

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9
Q

what is thanatos

A

death instinct
- self destruction, aggressive drive

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10
Q

what is the id

A
  • unconscious
  • present from birth
  • pleasure principle
  • selfish
  • if needs delayed id used primary process thinking
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11
Q

what is the ego

A
  • conscious and preconscious
  • develops around 6 months
  • reality principle
  • mediator between id and reality
  • secondary process thinking
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12
Q

what is the superego

A
  • conscious, preconscious and unconscious
  • social and moral standards
  • morality principle
  • what’s right and what’s wrong
  • made up of conscience and ego ideal
  • inhibits id impulses
  • can become too harsh or restrictive
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13
Q

what is the oral stage

A

0-2
sucking

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14
Q

what is the anal stage

A

2-3
retention/elimination of faeces

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15
Q

what is the phallic stage

A

3-6
genitals

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16
Q

what is the latency stage

A

6-12
sexual inhibitions

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17
Q

what is the genital stage

A

12+
development of adult sexuality

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18
Q

when are the oedipus and electra complex

A

phallic stage

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19
Q

what is the oedipus complex

A
  • mother as love object
  • identification
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20
Q

what fixations are in the oral stage

A

dependence, depression, guilt, mistrust

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21
Q

what are anal fixations

A

tidiness, obsessive behaviours, stubbornness

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22
Q

what are phallic fixations

A
  • antisocial personality, difficulties in romantic relationships, aggression
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23
Q

what are latency fixations

A

problems with self control

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24
Q

what are genital fixations

A

identity diffusion

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25
what are neuroses
- originate in childhood, symptoms are triggered by stress or crisis
26
what is healthy development according to Freud
- passing through stages successfully - development of successful ego and superego - adequate defence mechanism
27
what is neurotic development according to Freud
- frustration of sexual impulses or inhibition instincts by ego - repression - transforming frustrated sexual impulses into neurotic symptoms - inadequate defence mechanisms
28
how does OCD develop according to Freud
- fear id impulses - defence mechanisms - battle between opposing forces - fixation at anal stage
29
how does depression develop according to Freud
- similar to grieving - regression to oral stage - introjection of negative feelings
30
what are the goals of Freud's therapy
- make unconscious conscious again - strengthen ego - make superego more humane
31
what client's did Freud not work
- people with psychosis - not above age 50 - reasonable degree of education
32
how did Freud's sessions run
- 4 sessions a week - 45 minutes each
33
what is the free association technique
- allow mind to wonder freely and report everything even if traumatic - unconscious material becomes conscious
34
what is resistance
- anything that works against the therapy - not adhering to the fundamental rule - ego protects itself from repressed id
35
what is the transference technique
- clients perceive analysts as reincarnations of key figures in life - transfer onto them emotions and feelings associated with past relationship - learn about more important relationships
36
what is the interpretation technique
- constructions or explanations - what has happened to clients - repressed unconscious material becomes conscious - understand id impulses
37
what did Freud say dreams were
- the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious mind - function of dreams is wish fulfilment - disguised hallucinatory fulfilments of prepressed sexual infantile wishes - latent vs manifest content - dream work - complex mental process of disguise involving condensation, displacement and symbolism
38
what was the wolf man case study
- Freud considered him to be 'cured' - presented with dramatic symptoms - had a dream the night before 4th birthday - dreams give insight into repressed wishes
39
what are the aspects of dream analysis
distortions - reversals - condensation - symbolism
40
what did Carl Jung say was wrong about Freud's approach
- that human motivation is exclusively sexual - that the unconscious mind is entirely personal and peculiar to an individual
41
what are the levels of consciousness according to jung
- conscious - personal unconscious - collective unconscious
42
what is the collective consciousness
- images, potentialities, predispositions that have been inherited from ancestors - never been conscious - a blueprint for life - made up of archetypes
43
what are jung's archetypes
- persona - public personality - anima - feminine side in males - animus- masculine side in females - shadow - dark side of personality - self - personality as a whole
44
how did jung define psychic energy
- libido and other motivating forces
45
how does jung define compensation
- balance or adjust energy distributed through the psyche
46
how does jung define transcendent function
- synthesising process which can remove some of the separation between conscious and unconscious
47
what is the individuation of the self
- person becomes differentiated as a separate psychological individual, distinct from collective psychology - integration of unconscious and conscious into whole self
48
what are the psychological attitude types according to jung
- extraversion - introversion
49
what are the 4 function types according to jung
- thinking and feeling - sensation and intuition
50
what is hysteria according to jung
- extreme extraversion - libido withdrawn from inner world - over concern with influence in social relationships
51
what is schizophrenia according to Jung
- extreme introversion - libido withdrawn from reality - world of fantasy and archetypes
52
what are jung's views on neuroses
- imbalance between conscious and unconscious - symptoms are a form of adaption created as part of individuation
53
what are the goals of jung's therapy
- attain specific goals, deal with complexes, strengthen consciousness - understand own inner being and meaning in life
54
how does jung's therapy run
- individual - eye to eye - 2-3 sessions a week - break after 10 weeks - not a cure just support
55
what are the stages of jung's therapy
1 - confession - any secrets 2 - elucidation - interprets 3 - education - new and adaptive habits 4 - transformation - individuation, acceptance of self
56
what is the analysis of transference technique
- understand projections that take place from client to therapist
57
what is the active imagination technique
- get in touch with unconscious material - may use dreams to start
58
what are jung's stages of dream analysis
- amplification - interpretation - assimilation
59
what is amplification in dream analysis
- elaboration and clarification of dream images to establish context - direct association
60
what is interpretation in dream analysis
- keep record of dreams and interpretations - dream series
61
what is assimilation in dream analysis
- client and therapist make conscious sense of dreams - clients assent of therapists interpretation
62
according to eysenck how many people were cured from psychotherapy
44%
63
according to eysenck how many people were not cured from psychotherapy
56%
64
how can we measure how effective psychotherapy is
- randomised controlled trials
65
what did smith and glass find about psychotherapy
average person receiving treatment is better off than 75% untreated
66

psychological approaches to therapy (6 decks)

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