introduction to psychotherapy Flashcards
what is psychotherapy
- a talking therapy that aims to help you deal with emotional problems and mental health disorders
what is the difference between counselling and psychotherapy
- counselling - short-term, shallower experience, focus on immediate problems, 2 year course
- psychotherapy - long-term, deeper level of experience, 4-5 year course
what are similarities of counselling and psychotherapy
- both talking therapies
- interchangeable in modern society
how many people said they had consulted a counsellor or psychotherapist in 2019
33%
what was introduced by the government in 2008
improving access to psychological therapies and extended in 2019 with the five-year forward plan
what is the definition of mental health
- a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community
what does the dual continuum model include
- severe diagnosis
- maximum mental wellbeing
- minimum mental wellbeing
- no diagnosis
what is the definition of mental health problems
- syndrome characterised by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation or behaviour
what are the most commonly used diagnosis system
DSM-5
ICD-10
what does DSM stand for
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders
what does ICD stand for
international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems
what are the four Ds
- deviance
- dysfunction
- distress
- danger
what does deviance mean
deviation from the norm, statistically less common
what is dysfunction
does the issue interfere in the individual’s life in some major way
what is distress
- how much distress does it cause the indivdual
what is danger
does this constitute as a danger to self or others
what is prevalence
the proportion of the population who have a specific disorder at a given time - usually a percentage or a number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people
what is point prevalence
at a specific point in time
what is period prevalence
at any point in a given time period
what is lifetime prevalence
at some point in life up to the time of the assessment
what is incidence
the number of new cases of a disorder arising over a given period
what are common mental disorders
- depression
- GAD
-SAD/phobia - OCD
what is the most common mental health disorder
SAD/phobia
what is the 1 yr prevalence of depression
3%
what is the 1 yr prevalence of GAD
6%
what is the 1 yr prevalence of SAD
7.4%
what is the 1 yr prevalence of OCD
1-2%
what did McManus et al 2009 find about depression
estimated 4-10% of people will experience depression in their lifetime
what is the definition of depression
- low mood
- loss of interest in activities
- not the same as grief
- irritability
- tearfulness
- reduced ability to think
- disrupted sleep
- changes to appetite
how many cases of anxiety in UK in 2013
8.2 million
what is anxiety
- excessive worrying
- persists beyond an appropriate period
- can cause impairments and distress
what is GAD
- focussed on excessive worrying about multiple events
what is SAD
persistent fear/anxiety about social situations
what is phobias
persistent fear of specific objects/situations
what are obsessions in OCD
- recurrent distressing thoughts
what are compulsions in OCD
- repetitive behaviours aimed to minimise distress
how many cases of bipolar disorder in 2013
4 million
what is bipolar disorder
- a cyclical mood disorder - feelings of depression and mania/hypomania
what is mania/hypomania
- inflated self esteem
- racing thoughts
- psychomotor agitation
- increased risk taking
what is bipolar disorder 1 and 2
1 - alternating mania and depression
2 - depressive episodes and hypomania
when does the first episode of bipolar disorder occur
ages 20-30
how many people have schizophrenia in UK
220,000
what is schizophrenia categorised by
fundamental distortions of thinking
positive symptoms of SZ
delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking
negative symptoms of SZ
anhedonia, avolition, reduced speech
what are cognitive symptoms of SZ
slow thinking, difficulty making decisions, easily distractable
how many people could EDs affect in UK
1.6 million
what is anorexia nervosa
- refusal to maintain normal body weight
- disordered body perception
- deny that behaviour is problematic
- low blood pressure, dry skin, cracked nails, heart failure, amenorrhea
what is bulimia nervosa
- binge purge cycle
- disordered body perception
- dental problems, intestinal disorders, kidney damage
- have insight and consider behaviour problematic
definition of personality disorders
impacts how a person thinks and feels about themselves and others, affecting their well-being, mental health and relationships with others
- around 1 in 20 people
what is PTSD
- experience, witnessed or been confronted with an event involving threatened death or serious injury
how many have experience a traumatic event in england
1/3
