introduction to psychotherapy

Question 1

what is psychotherapy

Answer 1

• a talking therapy that aims to help you deal with emotional problems and mental health disorders

Question 2

what is the difference between counselling and psychotherapy

Answer 2

• counselling - short-term, shallower experience, focus on immediate problems, 2 year course
• psychotherapy - long-term, deeper level of experience, 4-5 year course

Question 3

what are similarities of counselling and psychotherapy

Answer 3

• both talking therapies
• interchangeable in modern society

Question 4

how many people said they had consulted a counsellor or psychotherapist in 2019

Answer 4

33%

Question 5

what was introduced by the government in 2008

Answer 5

improving access to psychological therapies and extended in 2019 with the five-year forward plan

Question 6

what is the definition of mental health

Answer 6

• a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community

Question 7

what does the dual continuum model include

Answer 7

• severe diagnosis
• maximum mental wellbeing
• minimum mental wellbeing
• no diagnosis

Question 8

what is the definition of mental health problems

Answer 8

• syndrome characterised by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation or behaviour

Question 9

what are the most commonly used diagnosis system

Answer 9

DSM-5
ICD-10

Question 10

what does DSM stand for

Answer 10

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders

Question 11

what does ICD stand for

Answer 11

international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems

Question 12

what are the four Ds

Answer 12

• deviance
• dysfunction
• distress
• danger

Question 13

what does deviance mean

Answer 13

deviation from the norm, statistically less common

Question 14

what is dysfunction

Answer 14

does the issue interfere in the individual’s life in some major way

Question 15

what is distress

Answer 15

• how much distress does it cause the indivdual

Question 16

what is danger

Answer 16

does this constitute as a danger to self or others

Question 17

what is prevalence

Answer 17

the proportion of the population who have a specific disorder at a given time - usually a percentage or a number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people

Question 18

what is point prevalence

Answer 18

at a specific point in time

Question 19

what is period prevalence

Answer 19

at any point in a given time period

Question 20

what is lifetime prevalence

Answer 20

at some point in life up to the time of the assessment

Question 21

what is incidence

Answer 21

the number of new cases of a disorder arising over a given period

Question 22

what are common mental disorders

Answer 22

• depression
• GAD
  -SAD/phobia
• OCD

Question 23

what is the most common mental health disorder

Answer 23

SAD/phobia

Question 24

what is the 1 yr prevalence of depression

Answer 24

3%

Question 25

what is the 1 yr prevalence of GAD

Answer 25

6%

Question 26

what is the 1 yr prevalence of SAD

Answer 26

7.4%

Question 27

what is the 1 yr prevalence of OCD

Answer 27

1-2%

Question 28

what did McManus et al 2009 find about depression

Answer 28

estimated 4-10% of people will experience depression in their lifetime

Question 29

what is the definition of depression

Answer 29

- low mood - loss of interest in activities - not the same as grief - irritability - tearfulness - reduced ability to think - disrupted sleep - changes to appetite

Question 30

how many cases of anxiety in UK in 2013

Answer 30

8.2 million

Question 31

what is anxiety

Answer 31

- excessive worrying - persists beyond an appropriate period - can cause impairments and distress

Question 32

what is GAD

Answer 32

- focussed on excessive worrying about multiple events

Question 33

what is SAD

Answer 33

persistent fear/anxiety about social situations

Question 34

what is phobias

Answer 34

persistent fear of specific objects/situations

Question 35

what are obsessions in OCD

Answer 35

- recurrent distressing thoughts

Question 36

what are compulsions in OCD

Answer 36

- repetitive behaviours aimed to minimise distress

Question 37

how many cases of bipolar disorder in 2013

Answer 37

4 million

Question 38

what is bipolar disorder

Answer 38

- a cyclical mood disorder - feelings of depression and mania/hypomania

Question 39

what is mania/hypomania

Answer 39

- inflated self esteem - racing thoughts - psychomotor agitation - increased risk taking

Question 40

what is bipolar disorder 1 and 2

Answer 40

1 - alternating mania and depression 2 - depressive episodes and hypomania

Question 41

when does the first episode of bipolar disorder occur

Answer 41

ages 20-30

Question 42

how many people have schizophrenia in UK

Answer 42

220,000

Question 43

what is schizophrenia categorised by

Answer 43

fundamental distortions of thinking

Question 44

positive symptoms of SZ

Answer 44

delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking

Question 45

negative symptoms of SZ

Answer 45

anhedonia, avolition, reduced speech

Question 46

what are cognitive symptoms of SZ

Answer 46

slow thinking, difficulty making decisions, easily distractable

Question 47

how many people could EDs affect in UK

Answer 47

1.6 million

Question 48

what is anorexia nervosa

Answer 48

- refusal to maintain normal body weight - disordered body perception - deny that behaviour is problematic - low blood pressure, dry skin, cracked nails, heart failure, amenorrhea

Question 49

what is bulimia nervosa

Answer 49

- binge purge cycle - disordered body perception - dental problems, intestinal disorders, kidney damage - have insight and consider behaviour problematic

Question 50

definition of personality disorders

Answer 50

impacts how a person thinks and feels about themselves and others, affecting their well-being, mental health and relationships with others - around 1 in 20 people

Question 51

what is PTSD

Answer 51

- experience, witnessed or been confronted with an event involving threatened death or serious injury

Question 52

how many have experience a traumatic event in england

Answer 52

1/3