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psychological approaches to therapy > introduction to psychotherapy > Flashcards

introduction to psychotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychotherapy

A
  • a talking therapy that aims to help you deal with emotional problems and mental health disorders
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2
Q

what is the difference between counselling and psychotherapy

A
  • counselling - short-term, shallower experience, focus on immediate problems, 2 year course
  • psychotherapy - long-term, deeper level of experience, 4-5 year course
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3
Q

what are similarities of counselling and psychotherapy

A
  • both talking therapies
  • interchangeable in modern society
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4
Q

how many people said they had consulted a counsellor or psychotherapist in 2019

A

33%

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5
Q

what was introduced by the government in 2008

A

improving access to psychological therapies and extended in 2019 with the five-year forward plan

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6
Q

what is the definition of mental health

A
  • a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community
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7
Q

what does the dual continuum model include

A
  • severe diagnosis
  • maximum mental wellbeing
  • minimum mental wellbeing
  • no diagnosis
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8
Q

what is the definition of mental health problems

A
  • syndrome characterised by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation or behaviour
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9
Q

what are the most commonly used diagnosis system

A

DSM-5
ICD-10

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10
Q

what does DSM stand for

A

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders

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11
Q

what does ICD stand for

A

international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems

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12
Q

what are the four Ds

A
  • deviance
  • dysfunction
  • distress
  • danger
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13
Q

what does deviance mean

A

deviation from the norm, statistically less common

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14
Q

what is dysfunction

A

does the issue interfere in the individual’s life in some major way

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15
Q

what is distress

A
  • how much distress does it cause the indivdual
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16
Q

what is danger

A

does this constitute as a danger to self or others

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17
Q

what is prevalence

A

the proportion of the population who have a specific disorder at a given time - usually a percentage or a number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people

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18
Q

what is point prevalence

A

at a specific point in time

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19
Q

what is period prevalence

A

at any point in a given time period

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20
Q

what is lifetime prevalence

A

at some point in life up to the time of the assessment

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21
Q

what is incidence

A

the number of new cases of a disorder arising over a given period

22
Q

what are common mental disorders

A
  • depression
  • GAD
    -SAD/phobia
  • OCD
23
Q

what is the most common mental health disorder

A

SAD/phobia

24
Q

what is the 1 yr prevalence of depression

A

3%

25
Q

what is the 1 yr prevalence of GAD

A

6%

26
Q

what is the 1 yr prevalence of SAD

A

7.4%

27
Q

what is the 1 yr prevalence of OCD

A

1-2%

28
Q

what did McManus et al 2009 find about depression

A

estimated 4-10% of people will experience depression in their lifetime

29
Q

what is the definition of depression

A
  • low mood
  • loss of interest in activities
  • not the same as grief
  • irritability
  • tearfulness
  • reduced ability to think
  • disrupted sleep
  • changes to appetite
30
Q

how many cases of anxiety in UK in 2013

A

8.2 million

31
Q

what is anxiety

A
  • excessive worrying
  • persists beyond an appropriate period
  • can cause impairments and distress
32
Q

what is GAD

A
  • focussed on excessive worrying about multiple events
33
Q

what is SAD

A

persistent fear/anxiety about social situations

34
Q

what is phobias

A

persistent fear of specific objects/situations

35
Q

what are obsessions in OCD

A
  • recurrent distressing thoughts
36
Q

what are compulsions in OCD

A
  • repetitive behaviours aimed to minimise distress
37
Q

how many cases of bipolar disorder in 2013

A

4 million

38
Q

what is bipolar disorder

A
  • a cyclical mood disorder - feelings of depression and mania/hypomania
39
Q

what is mania/hypomania

A
  • inflated self esteem
  • racing thoughts
  • psychomotor agitation
  • increased risk taking
40
Q

what is bipolar disorder 1 and 2

A

1 - alternating mania and depression
2 - depressive episodes and hypomania

41
Q

when does the first episode of bipolar disorder occur

A

ages 20-30

42
Q

how many people have schizophrenia in UK

A

220,000

43
Q

what is schizophrenia categorised by

A

fundamental distortions of thinking

44
Q

positive symptoms of SZ

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking

45
Q

negative symptoms of SZ

A

anhedonia, avolition, reduced speech

46
Q

what are cognitive symptoms of SZ

A

slow thinking, difficulty making decisions, easily distractable

47
Q

how many people could EDs affect in UK

A

1.6 million

48
Q

what is anorexia nervosa

A
  • refusal to maintain normal body weight
  • disordered body perception
  • deny that behaviour is problematic
  • low blood pressure, dry skin, cracked nails, heart failure, amenorrhea
49
Q

what is bulimia nervosa

A
  • binge purge cycle
  • disordered body perception
  • dental problems, intestinal disorders, kidney damage
  • have insight and consider behaviour problematic
50
Q

definition of personality disorders

A

impacts how a person thinks and feels about themselves and others, affecting their well-being, mental health and relationships with others
- around 1 in 20 people

51
Q

what is PTSD

A
  • experience, witnessed or been confronted with an event involving threatened death or serious injury
52
Q

how many have experience a traumatic event in england

A

1/3

psychological approaches to therapy (6 decks)

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