multicultural approaches in psychotherapy

Question 1

what is the dodo bird conjecture

Answer 1

• Rosenzweig
• common rather than specific factors

Question 2

what is the dodo bird effect

Answer 2

many meta-analyses, all therapies lead to comparable effect sizes

Question 3

what did Lambert find

Answer 3

looked at
- techniques - not important
- expectancy or placebo
- therapeutic relationship
- client variables - most important

Question 4

what did king et al find that supported humanistic approaches

Answer 4

compared group that had interventions with control group
- PCT and CBT equally effective in reducing symptoms

Question 5

what did gibbard and hanley find about PCT

Answer 5

• Pct effective for anxiety and depression over 5 years
• not just mild and moderate

Question 6

what did McArthur et al find

Answer 6

• school-based humanistic counselling
• mental distresses is caused by extrinsic demands
• promotes self awareness and acceptance
• used self-report
• found might be effective in reducing distress but small sample lacking diversity

Question 7

what did Pearce et al find

Answer 7

• supported McArthur in a more ethnically diverse sample
• found short term effectiveness

Question 8

what did Freire et al find

Answer 8

• PCT children and adolescents in a residential shelter in brazil
• 6 months observable improvements
• not randomised control trial

Question 9

what is the definition of culture

Answer 9

• values and behaviours shared by a group of individuals

Question 10

why is multiculturalism important for mental wellbeing

Answer 10

• minority groups can experience prejudice and marginalisation

Question 11

why is multiculturalism important for psychotherapy

Answer 11

• dominant therapies - white, male, western
• support monocultural worldview - not suited to diverse
• can lead to ethnocentrism
• minority groups might not receive help

Question 12

what is a worldview

Answer 12

how individuals define themselves and how they relate to others

Question 13

what core values did Laungani propose that distinguish western and eastern cultures

Answer 13

• individualism - collectivism
• cognitivism - emotionalism
• free will - determinism
• materialism - spiritualism

Question 14

what did Derald sue propose

Answer 14

• mainstream white male culture biased against minority groups
• traditional eurocentric therapies can be harmful to diverse groups - cultural oppression

Question 15

what are non-western therapies

Answer 15

• meditation - mindfulness, hinduism
• naikan therapy - japanese buddhism - find meaning, feel and show gratitude

Question 16

what did sue et al say were the 3 main components of cultural competence

Answer 16

• awareness of own assumptions, values, biases
• understanding worldview of culturally different clients
• developing appropriate strategies

Question 17

what are the 3 types of microaggression

Answer 17

• microassault - conscious
• microinsult - unconscious
• microinvalidations - unconscious - often - ignore things

Question 18

what did Peggy McIntosh argue

Answer 18

• therapists need to gain awareness of own cultural heritage and the impact of this
• practice cultural humanity
• awareness of position to power and privilege
• unpack the invisible knapsack of white privilege

Question 19

what did knipscheer and kleber propose

Answer 19

• culturally competent therapists enhance their clients satisfaction with treatment

Question 20

what did owen et al find 2016

Answer 20

• clients rating their therapists as culturally humble report better therapy outcomes