undernutrition, malnutrition and nutrition support

Question 1

marasmus

Answer 1

wasting away of first fat then muscle

Question 2

kwashiorkor

Answer 2

primary dietary deficient in protein

Question 3

edema present in kwashiorkor or marasmus

Answer 3

kwashiorkor due to the decrease in albumin

Question 4

fatty infiltration of liver kwashiorkor or marasmus

Answer 4

kwashiorkor

Question 5

stress response

Answer 5

increased energy expenditure, altered protein synthesis and catabolism and insulin resistance and hyperglycemia

Question 6

protein catabolism leads to increased/decreased nitrogen excretion

Answer 6

increased

Question 7

albumin a useful tool to measure nutritional status?

Answer 7

nope

Question 8

benefits to the gut with enteral feeding?

Answer 8

yep, it might mantain gut mucosa, prevent bacterial translocation

Question 9

risk of aspiration of pneumonia

Answer 9

enteral feeding

Question 10

parenteral nutrition

Answer 10

intravenous feeding

Question 11

what is not present in parenteral nutrition?

Answer 11

fiber

Question 12

when to start TPN?

Answer 12

after seven days of hospitalization

Question 13

refeeding syndrome

Answer 13

During refeeding, glycaemia leads to increased insulin and decreased secretion of glucagon. Insulin stimulates glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis. This process requires minerals such as phosphate and magnesium and cofactors such as thiamine. Insulin stimulates the absorption of potassium into the cells through the sodium-potassium ATPase symporter, which also transports glucose into the cells. Magnesium and phosphate are also taken up into the cells. Water follows by osmosis. These processes result in a decrease in the serum levels of phosphate, potassium, and magnesium, all of which are already depleted.

Question 14

prevention of refeeding syndrome

Answer 14

replete phosphate, potassium, magneusium and thiamine