Under nutrition part 1

Question 1

What is under-nutrition?

Answer 1

inadequate intake of protein referred to as protein-energy malnutrition
deficiencies of specific micronutrients

Question 2

Underweight is low weight for a person’s age. T or F

Answer 2

True. <2 SD below international standard

Question 3

Stunting is low weight for a person’s height. T or F

Answer 3

False. Stunting is low height for a person’s weight. <2 SD below international standard

Question 4

Wasting is low weight for a person’s height. T or F

Answer 4

True. <2 SD below international standard

Question 5

What is the indicator of acute weight loss?

Answer 5

Wasting

Question 6

What is the function of a growth chart?

Answer 6

assess the nutritional status of children

Question 7

Wasting is an indicator of malnutrition that occurs over a long period of time between conception and 24 months of age. T or F

Answer 7

False. Stunting is an indicator of undernutrition over a long period of time between conception and 24 months of age

Question 8

What are the impacts of stunting in the child’s development?

Answer 8

physical and cognitive development may be diminished
higher risk of obesity in later life
diminished cognitive development due to hunger may lead to loss lifetime earnings

Question 9

what do children in Ghana usually suffer from? Describe this condition.

Answer 9

Kwashiorkor: sickness the child gets when a new child is born. Mum will stop breastfeeding the child when a new baby comes. First child’s diet drastically changes to gruels and starchy roots. These are rich in calorie but low in protein. This new diet results in increased risk of infection and parasites that increases needs.

Question 10

Kwashiorkor is often observed in children under age of 5. T or F

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Descibe Marasmus and the causes of it.

Answer 11

chronic sever energy deficiency and resultant deficiency of other nutrients.
reduction of fat
reduced metabolism
susceptible to infection

Caused by insufficient breastfeeding . Mums may switch formula needs and because they may not be able to afford the feeds, they dilute the feeds resulting in feeds having low energy content.

Question 12

What could’ve caused the increase in undernutrition in 2015?

Answer 12

Reduction in food availability due to El nino phenomenon

increased number of conflicts

Question 13

Number of undernourished people is higher in Asia than Africa (due to population). T or F

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Give examples of the consequences of undernutrition

Answer 14

Increased risk of mortality
increased risk of, duration of diseases like malaria
decreased cognitive development

Question 15

Undernutrition is only morally unacceptable. T or F

Answer 15

False. It is also an important development priority

Question 16

What are the conceptual causes of undernutrition

Answer 16

Intermediate cause: disease and inadequate diet
Underlying cause : food insecurity, lack of access to healthcare, unhealthy environments.
Basic causes : social and economic causes

Question 17

Inadequate diet can be due to?

Answer 17

Decreased nutrient intake due to famine or loss of appetite
Decreased nutrient absorption due to inadequate intrinsic factor production
Drug interactions leading to decreased nutrient utilization
Increased nutrient losses due to diarrhea
Increased nutrient requirement

Intake, absorption, utilization, losses, requirement

Question 18

Deceive the infection- malnutrition cycle

Answer 18

Illness and undernutrition interact to form a vicious cycle
When a person has inadequate diet, can result in weight loss and increased susceptibility to illness. In the face of malnutrition, illness can be more severe and last longer
Illness of often accompanied by loss of appetite
These factors combined then results in poor diet and the cycle repeats itself

Question 19

What are the 3 underlying causes

Answer 19

Food insecurity
Inadequate care
Inadequate services and unhealthy environment

Question 20

What is availability , access , utilization?

Answer 20

Availability: sufficient qtty or appropriate food is physically available
Access : income or other resources are adequate to obtain ufficinr and appropriate food
Utilization: food is appropriately used and allocated to household members

Question 21

What is inadequate care?

Answer 21

Caring practices is the way we feed and nurture the vulnerable. This can be done through formal or informal settings

Question 22

Explain inadequate services and unhealthy environment

Answer 22

Lack of proper sanitation of clean water and hygiene in home environment
Healthcare services may be too far away and expensive

Question 23

What could be the basic causes?

Answer 23

Cultural or ideological
Attitude towards women education or marginalization of certain communities
Income inequality
Food price instability