Pregnancy, Infancy, Childhood

Question 1

WHat is the acronym for DoHad

Answer 1

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Question 2

Describe mismatch pathway

Answer 2

If the fetal environment is different from post-natal environment, it will be hard for the infant to adapt to this post-natal environment. Hence, there is a mismatch in the mother’s womb and the post-natal environment

Question 3

DEfine maternal mortality

Answer 3

death of a woman due to pregnancy related causes during pregnancy or within 42 days after delivery

Question 4

Define infant mortality

Answer 4

deaths in the first 28 days of life

Question 5

Define post-natal death

Answer 5

Deaths later in the first year

Question 6

Americans are more likely to develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. T or F

Answer 6

False. Asians have higher risk

Question 7

Americans are more likely to develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. T or F

Answer 7

False. Asians have higher risk

Question 8

What is GDM?

Answer 8

Hormones released from the placenta reduce the baility of insulin leading to raised blood glucose level

Question 9

Who are at-risk of GDM?

Answer 9

Obese mothers, family history

Question 10

Describe Gestational weight gain

Answer 10

Infant birth weights is related to their mother’s pre-pregnancy weight and to weight gain during pregnancy.

For obese mothers, infants have high risk of obesity, birth defects. Mothers may experience high blood pressure

For underweight mothers, likely to be premature and underweight.

Question 11

What are recommended for obese mothers and underweight mothers?

Answer 11

Overweight mothers: Lose weight prior to pregnancy

Underweight : Gain weight prior to pregnancy or DURING pregnancy.

Question 12

What are the weight gains of overweight and underweight mothers?

Answer 12

7-11 kg and for obese (5-9 kg)

Underweight: 12.5 to 18 kg

Question 13

What is pregnancy-induced hypertension called?

Answer 13

Preeclampsia

Question 14

What is preeclampsia?

Answer 14

pregnant-induced hypertension

Question 15

What is the energy requirements during pregnancy?

Answer 15

20-25% increase in energy req but dependent on physcial activeness and weight status

Question 16

Increase in vitamins requirement is much higher than energy requirement. T or F

Answer 16

True. 400% inc in Vit D but 8-10% inc in Vit B, 50% inc in Vit B6, 50% inc in folate.

Question 17

Increase in vitamins requirement is much higher than energy requirement. T or F

Answer 17

True. 400% inc in Vit D but 8-10% inc in Vit B, 50% inc in Vit B6, 50% inc in folate.

Question 18

Why is diet alone not sufficient?

Answer 18

Less appetit
Higher requirements
Lesser intake of vegetables, fish, etc

Question 19

Which foods should pregnant women not consume?

Answer 19

Large amounts of Vit A
Caffeine
Alcohol
Mercury in fish
Pathogens in raw food
Pesticides

Question 20

What are some challenges during pregnancy?

Answer 20

Lack of compliance
Myth of eating for two people
Lack of awareness as no obvious signs of complications

Question 21

What are benefits of lactation for the baby?

Answer 21

reduced risk of diseases
improves IQ
improves response to immunisation

Question 22

What are the benefits of lactation for the mother?

Answer 22

Reduce risk of osteoporosis, breast cancer, ovarian cancer

improves ability to revert back to pre-pregnancy weight

Question 23

What are the benefits of lactation for the mother?

Answer 23

Reduce risk of osteoporosis, breast cancer, ovarian cancer

improves ability to revert back to pre-pregnancy weight

Question 24

What are the nutritional requirements of pregnant ladies?

Answer 24

Energy : 800 kcal (400 from diet, 400 from fat stores)

Water cuz major component of milk is water

Iron requirement not increased cuz milk does not contain a lot of iron

Question 25

What are the 3 types of milk?

Answer 25

Early milk (4 days after delivery, rich in antibodies) Transitional milk (day 4-10, lower in protein)
mature milk (produced approx 10 days after delivery)

Question 26

What is special about human milk that separates it from animal milk?

Answer 26

High lactose and low protein

Question 27

Define growth and development.

Answer 27

Growth - increase in size

Development - physical andpsychological maturation

Question 28

Calorie requirement during infancy and toddler is not the highest. T or F

Answer 28

False. Requirement decreases per gram of body weight as they grow older.

Question 29

Fats and Carbohydrate requirement

Answer 29

Full-fat under 2 years